Abstract:Introduction. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most difficult urological neoplasm form to treat. The last two decades have witnessed significant progress in the RCC treatment. A better understanding of oncogenesis has led to the development of several targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting agents, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Despite the developed modern approaches to treatment and drugs with a new… Show more
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