Development of cricket mushroom bodies

Malaterre, Jordane; Strambi, Colette; Chiang, Ann‐Shyn; Aouane, Aı̈cha; Strambi, Alain; Cayre, Myriam

doi:10.1002/cne.10319

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Class III KCs form the ␥-lobe portion of the ␤-lobe (for terminology compare Strausfeld, 2002). These KCs are all generated before imaginal hatching and represent the oldest group of KCs (Lee et al, 1999;Malaterre et al, 2002;Farris and Sinakevitch, 2003;Mizunami et al, 2004). It is noteworthy that class III neurons that contribute to the ␥-divisions of the lobes are not augmented in adults by newly formed intrinsic KCs.…”

Section: Classification Of Kcsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This cohort of neuroblasts can be identified both in larval and in adult brains of Gryllus bimaculatus by its affinity to antiphosphohistone immunolabelling. Among the cohort of newly generated KC somata, previously described in cricket MBs from BrdU staining, the oldest are farther away from the region of mitosis (Cayre et al, 2000;Malaterre et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Core Of Sprouting Kenyon Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Sprouting interneurons in mushroom bodies of adult cricket brains

Mashaly¹,

Winkler²,

Frambach³

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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In crickets, neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood for certain local brain interneurons, the Kenyon cells in the mushroom bodies, which represent a prominent compartment for sensory integration, learning, and memory. Several classes of these neurons originate from a perikaryal layer, which includes a cluster of neuroblasts, surrounded by somata that provide the mushroom body's columnar neuropil. We describe the form, distribution, and cytology of Kenyon cell groups in the process of generation and growth in comparison to developed parts of the mushroom bodies in adult crickets of the species Gryllus bimaculatus. A subset of growing Kenyon cells with sprouting processes has been distinguished from adjacent Kenyon cells by its prominent f-actin labelling. Growth cone-like elements are detected in the perikaryal layer and in their associated sprouting fiber bundles. Sprouting fibers distant from the perikarya contain ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum not found in the dendritic processes of the calyx. A core of sprouting Kenyon cell processes is devoid of synapses and is not invaded by extrinsic neuronal elements. Measurements of fiber cross-sections and counts of synapses and organelles suggest a continuous gradient of growth and maturation leading from the core of added new processes out to the periphery of mature Kenyon cell fiber groups. Our results are discussed in the context of Kenyon cell classification, growth dynamics, axonal fiber maturation, and function.

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Section: Classification Of Kcsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Core Of Sprouting Kenyon Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sprouting interneurons in mushroom bodies of adult cricket brains

Mashaly¹,

Winkler²,

Frambach³

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In hemimetabolous insects such as locusts, their numbers can thus be subject to phenotypic plasticity depending on sensory experience (Rogers & Simpson 1997) and phase (Heifetz & Applebaum 1995;Rogers et al 2003). Within the central nervous system, post-embryonic neurogenesis in the optic lobe (locusts : Anderson 1978) and in the MB (crickets: Malaterre et al 2002) yields variation in cell number within some classes of interneurons. Many interneurons show absolute constancy in number between individuals, however, at least within the gregarious phase (Burrows 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gregarious desert locusts have substantially larger brains with altered proportions compared with the solitarious phase

2010

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The behavioural demands of group living and foraging have been implicated in both evolutionary and plastic changes in brain size. Desert locusts show extreme phenotypic plasticity, allowing brain morphology to be related to very different lifestyles in one species. At low population densities, locusts occur in a solitarious phase that avoids other locusts and is cryptic in appearance and behaviour. Crowding triggers the transformation into the highly active gregarious phase, which aggregates into dense migratory swarms. We found that the brains of gregarious locusts have very different proportions and are also 30 per cent larger overall than in solitarious locusts. To address whether brain proportions change with size through nonlinear scaling (allometry), we conducted the first comprehensive major axis regression analysis of scaling relations in an insect brain. This revealed that phase differences in brain proportions arise from a combination of allometric effects and deviations from the allometric expectation (grade shifts). In consequence, gregarious locusts had a larger midbrain : optic lobe ratio, a larger central complex and a 50 per cent larger ratio of the olfactory primary calyx to the first olfactory neuropile. Solitarious locusts invest more in low-level sensory processing, having disproportionally larger primary visual and olfactory neuropiles, possibly to gain sensitivity. The larger brains of gregarious locusts prioritize higher integration, which may support the behavioural demands of generalist foraging and living in dense and highly mobile swarms dominated by intense intraspecific competition.

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“…2A). KC fiber bundles in the posterior calyx could be traced along the calyx and detected as compact portions of the vertical and medial lobe (Y-lobe division; Schü rmann 1973;Schü rmann et al, 2000;Strausfeld, 2002;Malaterre et al, 2002).…”

Section: General Distribution Of F-actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

F‐actin at identified synapses in the mushroom body neuropil of the insect brain

Frambach

Rößler

Winkler

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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The distribution of f-actin stained by fluorescent phalloidin was investigated in the brain of several insect species, with a special focus on the mushroom body. For localizing f-actin in identified neurons and at synapses, additional staining with fluorescent dextrans and anti-synapsin I immunostaining was employed. Intense f-actin staining was consistently found in synaptic complexes of the mushroom body calyces (calycal microglomeruli [MG]). These MG contain a central core of presynaptic boutons, predominantly belonging to deutocerebral cholinergic excitatory projection neurons, which are surrounded by a shell of numerous Kenyon cell (KC) dendritic tips. In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, high-resolution confocal laser scanning imaging revealed colocalization of f-actin with KC dendritic spine parts within MG. Although presynaptic boutons appear to be mainly devoid of f-actin-phalloidin fluorescence, there appears to be an accumulation of f-actin in KC dendritic spines synaptically contacting the boutons. Electron microscopy of boutons and dextran-stained KC dendrites revealed their pre- and postsynaptic sites, with KCs being strictly postsynaptic elements. Their subsynaptic membrane appositions are considered to be associated with f-actin. Focal accumulation of f-actin in the dendritic tips of KCs was found to be a general feature of MG, with either spheroidal or indented boutons of different sizes, as encountered in the mushroom bodies of the cricket, honey bee, ant, and fruit fly. The structural similarities of calycal MG and f-actin accumulation in KC dendrites with cerebellar microglomeruli are considered comparatively. The accumulation of f-actin in KC dendrites is discussed in view of mushroom body plasticity and its potential role in learning and memory formation.

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Development of cricket mushroom bodies

Cited by 53 publications

References 76 publications

Sprouting interneurons in mushroom bodies of adult cricket brains

Sprouting interneurons in mushroom bodies of adult cricket brains

Gregarious desert locusts have substantially larger brains with altered proportions compared with the solitarious phase

F‐actin at identified synapses in the mushroom body neuropil of the insect brain

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