Development of controlled release silicone adhesive&ndash;based mupirocin patch demonstrates antibacterial activity on live rat skin against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>

Abstract

BackgroundPeritonitis is the most serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. Staphylococcus aureus infections could lead to peritonitis which causes reversal of peritoneal dialysis treatment back to hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to develop a controlled release silicone adhesive-based mupirocin patch for prophylactic effect and analyze its antibacterial effectiveness against S. aureus.MethodsThe matrix patches were prepared by using different polymers, with and without silicone adhesive, dibutyl sebacate and mupirocin. The patches were characterized for mechanical properties, drug content, moisture content, water absorption capacity and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. In vitro release studies were performed by using Franz diffusion cell. In vitro disk diffusion assay was performed on the Mueller–Hinton Agar plate to measure the zone of inhibition of the patches. The in vivo study was performed on four groups of rats with bacterial counts at three different time intervals, along with skin irritancy and histopathologic studies.ResultsThe patches showed appropriate average thickness (0.63–1.12 mm), tensile strength (5.08–10.08 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (21.53–42.19 MPa). The drug content ranged from 94.5% to 97.4%, while the moisture content and water absorption capacities at two relative humidities (75% and 93%) were in the range of 1.082–3.139 and 1.287–4.148 wt%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that there were no significant interactions between the polymer and the drug. The highest percentage of drug release at 8 hours was 47.94%. The highest zone of inhibition obtained was 28.3 mm against S. aureus. The in vivo studies showed that the bacterial colonies were fewer at 1 cm (7×101 CFU/mL) than at 2 cm (1.3×102 CFU/mL) over a 24-hour period. The patches were nonirritant to the skin, and histopathologic results also showed no toxic or damaging effects to the skin.ConclusionThe in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that controlled release patches reduced the migration of S. aureus on the live rat skin effectively, however, a longer duration of study is required to determine the effectiveness of the patch on a suitable peritonitis-induced animal model.

Development of electrospun keratin/coenzyme Q10/poly vinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffold containing mupirocin as potential dressing for infected wounds

“…The injection volume was 20 μL and the flow rate 1.0 mL/min; the ultraviolet detection was set at 228 nm. The reported values are average of five readings ± SD [14]. LOD release for mupirocin release was linear between 1 and 100 μg/mL (R 2 = 0.998).…”

“…The samples were incubated at 37 ± 0.5°C and stirred at 100 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. Aliquots of each sample (0.5 mL) were taken from the release medium at specific intervals (0, 5, 15, 30, and 60, 75 min) and replaced with 0.5 mL with fresh buffer solution maintain sink condition [14]. The solution was subsequently filtered using nylon membrane of 0.45 μm porosity.…”

“…At the end of the study, all the animals were humanely euthanized via exposure to carbon dioxide gas in a sealed chamber. In vitro antibacterial activity of PKCM electrospun nanofibrous scaffold against each bacterial strain was determined via disc diffusion test [14] using 150 mm diameter Mueller-Hinton (Carolina Biological Supply Co. Burlington, NC) agar plates. PKCM electrospun scaffolds were cut into 10 mm diameter and placed on the inoculated test organisms and then observed for any zone of inhibition around the scaffolds.…”

Development and Evaluation of Curcumin Liquid Crystal Systems for Cervical Cancer

“…The formulations were stored in universal bottles at three different temperatures, i.e., 4 • C, 25 ± 2 • C, and 37 • C. The drug content was estimated every 15 days for 45 days to identify any changes in the formulation [25]. The formulations were kept in vials sealed with aluminum foil.…”

“…Stability studies were carried out by storing four formulations, A1, A2, B1, and B2, of curcumin LC gels at various temperatures, i.e., 5 ± 2 • C, 25 ± 0.5 • C and 45 ± 0.5 • C. The drug content was estimated before storing [25]. The formulations were kept in vials sealed with aluminum foil.…”