Development of controlled release formulations of thiabendazole

El‐Nahhal, Yasser

doi:10.4236/jacen.2014.31001

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Bentonite will not influence the TBZ content, regardless of adding it before or after filtering. According to literature [32], bentonite adsorbs cations, having a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) [33]. Thiabendazole could be potentially adsorbed, provided that changing the ionization status is achieved, namely passing from a neutral to a protonated form.…”

Section: Sers Spectra Of the Bentonite-filtered Extracts Treated With...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhance Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Thiabendazole in Frozen Food Products: The Case of Blueberries and Their Extracts

Müller Molnár,

Berghian-Groșan,

Măgdaș

et al. 2023

Chemosensors

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To improve the control and detection methods of thiabendazole (TBZ), a fungicide and parasiticide often used in food products, we investigated the performance of the SERS technique applied to frozen blueberry fruits available on the market. TBZ-treated fruit extracts provided a multiplexed SERS feature, where the SERS bands of TBZ could be distinctly recorded among the characteristic anthocyanidins from blueberries. Quantitative SERS of TBZ in a concentration range from 20 µM to 0.2 µM has been achieved in solutions. However, quantitative multiplexed SERS is challenging due to the gradually increasing spectral background of polyphenols from extracts, which covers the TBZ signal with increasing concentration. The strategy proposed here was to employ food bentonite to filter a substantial amount of flavonoids to allow a higher SERS signal-to-background recording and TBZ recognition. Using bentonite, the LOD for SERS analysis of blueberry extracts provided a detection limit of 0.09 µM. From the relative intensity of the specific SERS bands as a function of concentration, we estimated the detection capability of TBZ to be 0.0001 mg/kg in blueberry extracts, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the maximum allowed by current regulations.

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Section: Sers Spectra Of the Bentonite-filtered Extracts Treated With...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhance Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Thiabendazole in Frozen Food Products: The Case of Blueberries and Their Extracts

Müller Molnár,

Berghian-Groșan,

Măgdaș

et al. 2023

Chemosensors

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“…This probably is because increasing the volume of ethyl acetate increase the capacity of the mixture to extract more molecules of cyanotoxin. However, for highly hydrophobic molecules such as pesticides, the solvent mixture (9 ml hexane + 1 ml ethyl acetate) gave highly extracted amounts from different materials [27]. Meanwhile, the use of clay slightly increased the extracted cyanotoxin, probably due the fact that clay has surface active sites and high adsorption capacity.…”

Section: Extraction Of Cyanotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction Methods of Cyanotoxins Aqueous Media and Sediments

El-Nahhal¹,

Yassin²,

Alzaharna³

et al. 2021

AJAC

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Cyanotoxins are chemical compounds produced by cyanobacterial mats grown in aquatic ecosystems. These may threaten human health and aquatic organisms. Extraction of these toxins is usually associated with many difficulties due to their concentration in aquatic ecosystems. This study is designed to provide suitable and effective extraction procedures that can effectively extract low concentration cyanotoxin from water and bacterial cells. The methodology is based on collecting raw material of cyanobacterial mats from naturally growing sites such as Wadi Gaza along with 16 liters of aquatic surrounding media. The materials were left in the Lab for 24 -48 h for stabilization of the mats. The floating mats were collected using special funnel and allowed to air drying. The aqueous phase was extracted by liquid/liquid extraction using solvent mixture (hexane + ethylacetate 10% w:w), and by liquid solid extraction using several types of organoclays complexes. The solid phase was extracted by acetone and ultrasonic device. Results showed some difficulties were associated with liquid/liquid extraction whereas effective and easy extraction procedures were obtained by liquid solid extraction using either organoclay complex or activated charcoal. In contrast combination of both solid materials did not show improvement in the extracted cyanotoxin. Thus we recommend the use of organoclays or activated charcoal separately for extracting cyanotoxin. Further improvement of extraction can be tailored by using a specific organoclay complex that has some similarity in the chemical structure between the pre-adsorbed organic cation to the clay mineral and the chemical structure of cyanotoxin.

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“…For instance, chlorpyrifos and malathion (organophosphorus insecticides) are currently in use in Gaza to control household and agricultural insects [1]- [6]. Many of these pesticides have been shown to cause cardiotoxicity worldwide [7], reproductive toxicity [8] and carcinogenetic disturbances worldwide [9]. Previous investigation showed that farmers used empty pesticide container as domestic tools, resulting in slightly or severely poisoning cases that required medical treatment [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiotoxicity among Children Accidentally Exposed to Organophosphate Insecticides Coupled with Scorpion Bites in Gaza

El‐Nahhal¹,

El-Nahhal²

2021

Health

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Insecticides are toxic chemicals used at homes for controlling insects of public health importance and controlling agricultural pests at home gardens. Their application may result in accidental poisoning. Four accidental insecticide-poisoning children coupled with a scorpion bitten child were brought to the main hospital in southern Gaza for medical treatment. Primary investigation showed severe breath shortness, low heartbeat, and low blood pressure (hypotension). These symptoms are indications of potential cardiotoxicity among children. Electrocardiograms were measured and indicated various heart complications between cases. Complete blood count (CBC) determination showed the highest white blood cells (WBC) in the scorpion-bitted child suggesting the development of immune defense system. Blood electrolyte (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ ) concentrations indicated disturbances due to poisoning. An interesting outcome of the study is the dramatic alteration in blood glucose concentration. Additionally, activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) indicated normal activity in poisoning case 1, moderate inhibition in poisoning case 2 and case 3, normal activity in poisoning case 4 and severe inhibition in poisoning case 5. The levels of Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) were within the acceptable range whereas the level of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was above the acceptable reference range suggesting potential Hepato-toxicity. Scorpion bitten child did not receive atropine whereas two poisoned cases were successfully cured by atropine injection. Additionally, alternative safe medical management may be used for cardiotoxicity using vitamin C, vitamin E, quercetin, and curcumin. These vitamins may be recommended as alternative medical treatments for cardiotoxicity. How to cite this paper: El-Nahhal, Y. and El-Nahhal, I. (2021) Cardiotoxicity among Children Accidentally Exposed to Organophosphate Insecticides Coupled with Scor-

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Development of controlled release formulations of thiabendazole

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Surface-Enhance Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Thiabendazole in Frozen Food Products: The Case of Blueberries and Their Extracts

Surface-Enhance Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Thiabendazole in Frozen Food Products: The Case of Blueberries and Their Extracts

Extraction Methods of Cyanotoxins Aqueous Media and Sediments

Cardiotoxicity among Children Accidentally Exposed to Organophosphate Insecticides Coupled with Scorpion Bites in Gaza

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