Development of Compatibilized Polyamide 1010/Coconut Fibers Composites by Reactive Extrusion with Modified Linseed Oil and Multi-functional Petroleum Derived Compatibilizers

Abstract

This work reports the preparation and characterization of fully biobased polymer composites with coconut fibers (CFs) as an alternative to wood-plastic composites, typically based on petroleum-derived materials. Polyamide 1010 (PA1010) was melt-extruded with 20 wt% of CFs and, after that, shaped into pieces by injection molding. Four different multi-functionalized compatibilizers were tested to increase the polymer-fiber interactions with the subsequent improvement on toughness. These consisted of two chemically modified vegetable oils, namely maleinized and epoxidized linseed oil, MLO, and ELO respectively, and two commercial additives derived from petroleum and based on glycidyl functionality, that is, low-functionality epoxy-based styrene-acrylic oligomer (ESAO) and polystyrene-glycidyl methacrylate random copolymer (PS-GMA). The addition of all four compatibilizers improved both the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites, thus resulting in highperformance composite materials with relatively low water uptake. Furthermore, the morphology of the obtained composites revealed an extraordinary embedment of the fibers into the biopolymer matrix, which plays a crucial role in improving toughness. Among all the tested compatibilizers, those derived from vegetable oils can be considered the most interesting due to they offer a complete sustainable solution.

Development and Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Wood Plastic Composites from Biobased Polyethylene and Short Natural Fibers Processed by Injection Moulding

“…Nonetheless, flax and jute fibers increase T g by 6.7 °C and 1.1 °C, respectively, which is directly related to improved polymer–fiber interactions. It seems that flax-based composites offer the best polymer–fiber interaction since the increase in T g is much higher than in hemp- and jute-based composites [ 71 , 81 ]. The addition of hemp fiber slightly decreases the T g value.…”

Comparative Study on Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 10.10 as Matrix Polymers for Biogenic Wood‐Plastic Composites

“…In contrast to these results, a study on the thermomechanical properties of biogenic composites from PA10.10 and coconut fibers as published by Quiles‐Carillo et al. [ 14 ] showed a decreased glass transition temperature in comparison to the neat matrix polymer. This observation was addressed to the higher elastic behavior of the composites and their higher storage modulus, which contributed to lowering the loss factor.…”

Comparison on Quality Performance of Human Hair Types with Herbal Oils (Grape Seed/Safflower Seed/Rosehip) by Analysis Techniques

“…It was concluded that the application of antioxidants based on procyanidins-derived seeds could protect hair against reactive oxygen species . The studies in the literature showed that various seed oil types could be evaluated in many industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and agro industries. − The literature also showed that safflower, rosehip, and grape seed oils were utilized as agents inducing hair growth to improve the wave effect, to decrease the damage to the hair, to accelerate hair regeneration, and to promote hair follicle cells. − …”