Development of colchicine‐induced tetraploid St. Augustinegrass (<i>Stenotaphrum secundatum</i>) lines

Carbajal, Esdras M.; Zuleta, M. Carolina; Swayzer, Luellen; Schwartz, Brian M.; Chavarro, Maria Carolina; Ballen‐Taborda, A. Carolina; Milla‐Lewis, Susana R.

doi:10.1111/pbr.12742

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The PCA biplot further demonstrates the relationship between stolon internode length and SGR and between stolon diameter and leaf length (Figure 1b). After adding labels to the dataset indicating the ploidy levels of the germplasm [diploid (2 n = 18), triploid (2 n = 27), aneuploid (2 n = 28–32)] (Carbajal et al., 2019; Milla‐Lewis, Zuleta, Van Esbroeck, Quesenberry, & Kenworthy, 2013), the influence of ploidy on growth characteristics is clearly evident with increasing ploidy resulting in larger leaves and stolons (Figure 1b). This is consistent with other reports that higher ploidy is an important factor in increasing leaf and internode sizes in turfgrasses (Carbajal et al., 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the growth and winter survival of commercially available and experimental genotypes of St. Augustinegrass

et al. 2021

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St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] is a commonly used warm‐season turfgrass for lawns in warm‐humid to tropical climates. Efforts to breed improved cultivars with enhanced abiotic and biotic stress tolerance are ongoing, but additional data on their growth and adaptation are needed. Twenty‐one commercially available St. Augustinegrass cultivars and eight experimental genotypes were planted in the field in Fayetteville, AR, in both 2009 and 2010 to study their stolon, leaf, and establishment characteristics, as well as winter survival. ‘Floratam’, ‘Floralawn’, ‘FX‐10’, ‘FA‐40’ (Mercedes™), ‘B12’ (Sapphire®), and WS had the highest stolon growth rate (>8.9 mm d−1), whereas ‘TR 6‐10’ (Amerishade®), ‘6‐72‐99’ (Delmar™), ‘6‐72‐182’ (Jade™), ‘6‐72‐130’ (Sunclipse™), 106G3, 106T3, and SV27 had the lowest stolon growth rate (<5.1 mm d−1). Cultivars ‘Floraverde’, Floralawn, Floratam, B12 (Sapphire), and ‘Texas Common’ were the quickest to establish. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified that cultivars with similar ploidy levels had similar growth characteristics as increasing ploidy resulted in wider and longer leaves, as well as larger stolon diameter and internode length. Cultivars considered dwarf types with short stolons or narrow‐short leaves grouped separately from cultivars with long stolons or wide‐long leaves. Genotypes VNS (Classic™), GF, VNS (Majestic™), ‘SS‐100’ (Palmetto®), ‘Raleigh’, TAES 5714, and Texas Common showed the highest winter survival and associated coverage after winter in both years. Results from this study are intended to help turfgrass breeders, turf producers, practitioners, and homeowners make informed cultivar selection decisions. Planting well‐adapted cultivars will reduce reestablishment costs from winter‐kill and ultimately increase sustainability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the growth and winter survival of commercially available and experimental genotypes of St. Augustinegrass

et al. 2021

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“…(2013) previously reported that colchicine‐induced polypoid centipedegrass had increased stomatal size, and a similar effect was observed in St. Augustinegrass ( Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze) (Carbajal et al., 2019). The tetraploid line HW123 and the mixoploid line HW61 also had greater clipping yield than the other lines (with the exception of HW143), potentially indicating increased growth or leaf elongation rates for these lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ploidy manipulation has been successfully used in many crop improvement programs, mainly to overcome species hybridization barriers, create sterile lines, facilitate interspecific gene transfer, and develop plant species with wider adaptability and desirable traits (Sattler et al., 2016; Singh et al., 1990; Tonosaki et al., 2018). Colchicine has been widely used to manipulate the ploidy of several plant species (Carbajal et al., 2019); however, herbicides trifluralin and oryzalin have been recently used for doubling chromosome numbers due to their lower toxicity, higher affinity to plant tubulins, and efficacy at lower concentrations (Touchell et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

et al. 2023

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Ploidy manipulation has been used in many crop improvement programs to develop plant species with wider adaptability and desirable traits. The objectives of this study were to create stable tetraploid centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) lines and evaluate them for beneficial traits. To generate polyploid lines, “TifBlair” (2n = 2x = 18) seeds were exposed to gamma radiation and callus was generated using tissue culture, exposed to glyphosate and regenerated into plantlets. After 5 years of continuous propagation, two lines, Hongliang Wang (HW)16 and HW123, were found to be tetraploid, and one line, HW61, was found to be a mixoploid using flow cytometry and chromosome counts. Nuclear DNA contents for diploid and tetraploid lines ranged from 1.97 to 2.10 and 4.14 to 4.30 pg 2C−1, respectively. Ten centipedegrass lines were genotyped using seven simple sequence repeat markers and clustered by origin (derived from TifBlair or the University of Georgia breeding program). Six lines were evaluated for morphological and physiological traits under greenhouse conditions. Trait evaluation showed that tetraploid lines had larger stomata and leaf width and reduced stomatal density. For all other traits evaluated under greenhouse conditions, although significant differences were observed between lines, no consistent differences separated diploid and tetraploid lines. Between the tetraploid lines, HW16 had higher evapotranspiration, percentage green cover, and relative water content than HW123, whereas HW123 had a higher average clipping yield and root width than HW16. In conclusion, irradiation and tissue culture are valuable techniques for the generation of stable polyploid lines, and an increased ploidy level led to larger vegetative structures in centipedegrass.

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“…Since it is a low area and with clayey soils, in addition to clearance, some horizons of the soil were removed or homogenized and subsequently compacted. To raise the level, it was f illed with a mixture of sand, soil removed and remaining construction materials (Morales- Bautista et al, 2017) (this was considered as a reference sample of treated soil or TR3); although it is a fact that with these works the edaphological classif ication is lost, usually organic coverage is always implemented (Carbajal et al, 2019), that is why when the construction works f inished, San Agustín grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) was rolled over the conservation area (Sastry et al, 2019). In each zone, directed sampling was performed with shovels and peaks, three geological strata were taken (problems) and another three samples were taken from a non-impacted surrounding area with similar edaphological characteristics (control).…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in restored soils subject to weathering and their implication in Mexican environmental regulations

Méndez-Moreno

Garza-Rodríguez

Torres-Sánchez

et al. 2021

Terra

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An overview of current Mexican legislation regarding soil restoration and updating needs is made through the analysis of three case studies located in the southeastern México: a) soil affected by spillage of congenital waters (Zone 1), b) soil contaminated by hydrocarbons (Zone 2) and, c) a site adjacent to urban infrastructure (Zone 3). It was performed a comparative analysis of the soils conditions in the short and long term after the anthropogenic impact and restoration process that were carried out in each studied location. It was found that important properties of the soils do not recover after the weathering process, for instance in Zone 1, DR and DA as well as %Po did not reach equivalent values to the control sample and the soil texture is different even after a long recovery period. For Zone 2, it was detected important variations in the concentration of Ca, Na and K in both the impacted and recovered soils which affect the growth of plantations. In Zone 3, there were found signif icative differences in DA, %Po; %L, %R, %MO and CEC parameters. The current normative considers general aspects, but does not contemplate the actual site situation, there is an information gap due to this, although it was observed achievement of physical and chemical properties for the recovery soil use in each site, it was also noticed that the evaluations do not consider if these properties can change over time due to weather conditions, therefore, they could influence the success of each restoration process in the long term. The information generated can be used to make decisions about government rescue programs for the primary sector or as a starting point in the implementation of Environmental Bases Lines (LBA) for the hydrocarbon sector.

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Development of colchicine‐induced tetraploid St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) lines

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Characterizing the growth and winter survival of commercially available and experimental genotypes of St. Augustinegrass

Characterizing the growth and winter survival of commercially available and experimental genotypes of St. Augustinegrass

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

Changes in restored soils subject to weathering and their implication in Mexican environmental regulations

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