Development of climatic zones and passive solar design in Madagascar

Rakoto-Joseph, Onimihamina; Garde, François; David, Mathieu; Adelard, Laëtitia; Randriamanantany, Zely Arivelo

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.12.011

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The wide distribution of aye‐ayes means sampling across environments is key in effective population monitoring at local and national scales (Schwitzer et al., ). The different habitat types range from rainforest in southeast Madagascar, a habitat with relatively high humidity and rainfall, to the dry deciduous forest in the west of Madagascar, with less dense canopy cover and likely greater exposure to direct UV radiation (Andriamisedra, Aylward, Johnson, Louis, & Raharivololona, ; Rakoto‐Joseph, Garde, David, Adelard, & Randriamanantany, ). Our recovery of mitogenomes from both environments indicates these abiotic factors do not necessarily preclude the ability to sample eDNA from these areas and this method can likely be applied to sample in varied habitats across the species’ geographic distribution (Sterling & McCreless, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmental DNA sampling method for aye‐ayes from their feeding traces

Aylward

Sullivan

Perry

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Noninvasive sampling is an important development in population genetic monitoring of wild animals. Particularly, the collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) which can be collected without needing to encounter the target animal facilitates the genetic analysis of endangered species. One method that has been applied to these sample types is target capture and enrichment which overcomes the issue of high proportions of exogenous (nonhost) DNA from these lower quality samples. We tested whether target capture of mitochondrial DNA from sampled feeding traces of the aye‐aye, an endangered lemur species would yield mitochondrial DNA sequences for population genetic monitoring. We sampled gnawed wood where aye‐ayes excavate wood‐boring insect larvae from trees. We designed RNA probes complementary to the aye‐aye's mitochondrial genome and used these to isolate aye‐aye DNA from other nontarget DNA in these samples. We successfully retrieved six near‐complete mitochondrial genomes from two sites within the aye‐aye's geographic range that had not been sampled previously. Our method demonstrates the application of next‐generation molecular techniques to species of conservation concern. This method can likely be applied to alternative foraged remains to sample endangered species other than aye‐ayes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmental DNA sampling method for aye‐ayes from their feeding traces

Aylward

Sullivan

Perry

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The use of clustering based on meteorological data allows better results to be achieved. Other comparisons were also conducted in recent years [17][18][19] and some even showed that Köppen did not allow to obtain specific information necessary for the problem of building design and thermal comfort [20][21][22]. Other class methods also used for climate classification to study comfort in the building [3,20,22] or for climate classification of urban and rural sites [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clustering methods or class methods use (i) climate data (outdoor air temperature ; outdoor relative humidity ; global solar irradiation; precipitation; altitude; wind velocity and direction; atmospheric pressure) [20,21,27] (ii) climate indexes (sky clearness index kt) [34] (iii) topographic parameters [34] or (iiii) thermal comfort indexes (Terjung's comfort index [35,36] ; Physiological Equivalent Temperature PET [23]). The global solar irradiation, outdoor air temperature, and wind velocity seem to be the best correlated to analyze a climate [20]. Temporality is an important factor which could attest the quality in a climate classification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-based approach to identify climatic zoning: A hierarchical clustering on principal component analysis

Praene¹,

Malet-Damour²,

Radanielina

et al. 2019

Building and Environment

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In tropical environments, the design of bioclimatic houses adapted to their environment is a crucial issue when considering comfort and limiting energy needs. A preliminary part of such design is an accurate knowledge of the climatic conditions in each region of the studied territory. The objective of this paper is to propose climatic zoning from a database of 47 meteorological stations in Madagascar by investigating hierarchical clustering on principal components. Then, theses results are combined with a spatial interpolation using a Geographic Information System approach. This step allows us to define three climatic zones corresponding to dry, humid and highland zones. These results make it possible to define standard meteorological files that are used to evaluate the thermal performance of traditional Malagasy houses. Regardless of the type of house and the areas considered, the percentage of comfort, according to Givoni bioclimatic chart, varies from an average value of 20 % to 70 % without ventilation and with an air velocity of 1 m/s, respectively. It can be concluded that Madagascar's traditional habitat has adapted over time to the constraints of its environment.

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“…Estudos realizados por Bodac, Lang e Hamhaber (2014) têm mostrado que a função mais importante da edificação é proporcionar abrigo e conforto interno e térmico apropriado aos usuários, e que o nível de conforto é função da combinação de designs na construção. Rakoto-Joseph et al (2009) discutem que a arquitetura vernacular fornece uma boa solução para as restrições climáticas, sendo que há mais de uma abordagem para resolver as questões de conforto na edificação.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Conforto térmico da arquitetura vernacular produzida pelos descendentes da Pomerânia no sul do Brasil

Treichel

Silva

Oliveira

2019

PARC Pesq. em Arquit. e Constr.

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ResumoO presente artigo visou caracterizar o conforto térmico da arquitetura vernacular produzida por descendentes Pomeranos na região Sul do Brasil, a partir da coleta de dados in situ de características externas e internas. Para as características externas, foram analisadas um total de 126 casas. Com esses dados, foi realizada uma classificação preliminar dos tipos arquitetônicos da região. Após essa etapa, foram selecionadas 18 casas, das 126 analisadas anteriormente, para a coleta de dados arquitetônicos e construtivos. Com essa nova análise, se obteve a classificação final de quatro tipos arquitetônicos, com materiais e períodos construtivos distintos. Os quatro tipos selecionados estão em um recorte temporal de 100 anos (1870 a 1970), e foram analisados quanto ao conforto térmico. Foi possível observar que os diferentes tipos não apresentaram índices elevados de conforto. Observou-se também que a orientação solar pouco influenciou nas questões de conforto, assim como também não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os diferentes tipos, embora as casas do Tipo IV terem apresentado uma sutil melhora de conforto térmico, quando comparado com os demais tipos arquitetônicos. Essas poucas variações do comportamento térmico entre as diferentes orientações solares e os diferentes tipos arquitetônicos podem ser explicadas pela elevada capacidade térmica das paredes e a pequena área de abertura na fachada que as casas apresentam, mantendo as temperaturas internas com menor variação, em relação ao ambiente externo. Através deste trabalho foi possível abordar a complexa interação entre clima, cultura e tecnologia nas habitações estudadas.Palavras-chave: Tipologias arquitetônicas. Simulação computacional. Desempenho térmico. Índice de conforto. AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the thermal comfort of the vernacular architecture produced by Pomeranian descendants in southern Brazil, based on in situ data collection of external and internal characteristics. External characteristics were analyzed for a total of 126 houses. These data were used to carry out a preliminary classification of regional architectural types. Then, 18 houses were selected, from the 126 analyzed previously, for the collection of architectural and construction data, obtaining a final classification of four architectural types, corresponding to different materials and constructive periods. The four selected types are within a 100-year time period (1870 to 1970), and were analyzed regarding thermal comfort. Results showed that the different types did not present high levels of comfort. The solar orientation had little influence on comfort results, and no significant differences were observed between the different types, although houses of type IV presented a slight thermal comfort improvement, when compared to the other architectural types. These few variations of the thermal behavior between the different solar orientations and the different architectural types could be explained by the high thermal capacity of the walls and the smal...

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Development of climatic zones and passive solar design in Madagascar

Cited by 45 publications

References 3 publications

An environmental DNA sampling method for aye‐ayes from their feeding traces

An environmental DNA sampling method for aye‐ayes from their feeding traces

GIS-based approach to identify climatic zoning: A hierarchical clustering on principal component analysis

Conforto térmico da arquitetura vernacular produzida pelos descendentes da Pomerânia no sul do Brasil

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