Development of clean technology for the production of triols

Salmi, Tapio; Serra-Holm, V.; Rantakylä, Tiina-Kaisa; Mäki‐Arvela, Päivi; Lindfors, Lars Peter

doi:10.1039/a907691c

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Among bio‐based polyols, trimethylolpropane (TMP) and pentaerythritol are highly attractive starting materials for the cyclic carbonate formation. They are prepared in industrial scale by reacting formaldehyde with suitable aldehydes by aldol addition and subsequent Cannizzaro reaction . The acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation process of lignocellulosic biomass supplies appropriate alcohols like butanol, which can be readily oxidized to form butyraldehyde as intermediate for the TMP synthesis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Blattmann

Lauth

Mülhaupt

2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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The amine cure of cyclic carbonate blends, derived from renewable resources and carbon dioxide, in the presence of a liquid fluorohydrocarbon as physical blowing agent with no ozone depletion potential, enables the facile tailoring of flexible bio‐based nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams. Unlike conventional PU foams, neither isocyanates nor phosgene or aromatic amines are required as intermediates in NIPU foaming. Typically, rigid cyclic carbonates such as carbonated trimethylolpropane glycidylether (TMPGC) are blended together with the corresponding flexible cyclic carbonate such as ethoxylated TMPGC (EO‐TMPGC) which lowers monomer viscosity and reactivity. This is reflected by higher pot life and gelation times for the cure with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), improving NIPU foam processing. With increasing EO‐TMPGC content, rigid TMPGC/HMDA‐NIPU foams are rendered flexible and soft, as verified by simultaneously declining storage modulus and glass transition temperature. In this NIPU foam family, the TMPGC/EO‐TMPGC (60 wt%/40 wt%) blend cured with HMDA in the presence of Solkane 365/227 affords flexible NIPU foams exhibiting low density, very good mechanical hysteresis, and tailored hardness, meeting the demands of various applications like automotive seating. Emission tests confirm the absence of critical compounds mentioned in the global automotive declarable substance list.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Blattmann

Lauth

Mülhaupt

2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…[114d, 186] An ethoxylated version of 6d (EO-6d)w as pre-pared by allowing the growth of short oligo(ethylene oxide) chains on each hydroxy group of 6d followed by capping with ECH and carbonation. [187] As the latter aldehydes can be derived from bio-alcohols or from the fermentation of glucose, [188] 6d and 6e can be regarded as potentially renewable carbonates. [184] Trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, used as reagents for the synthesis of 6d and 6e,respectively,can be prepared by the reactions of formaldehyde with n-butyraldehyde or acetaldehyde.…”

Section: Monomers With Multiple 5cc Moietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[184] Trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, used as reagents for the synthesis of 6d and 6e,respectively,can be prepared by the reactions of formaldehyde with n-butyraldehyde or acetaldehyde. [187] As the latter aldehydes can be derived from bio-alcohols or from the fermentation of glucose, [188] 6d and 6e can be regarded as potentially renewable carbonates. 6f can be prepared from glycerol and ECH.…”

Section: Monomers With Multiple 5cc Moietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO₂ Utilization

et al. 2019

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Given the large amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, it is advantageous to use CO2 as feedstock for the fabrication of everyday products, such as fuels and materials. An attractive way to use CO2 in the synthesis of polymers is by the formation of five‐membered cyclic organic carbonate monomers (5CCs). The sustainability of this synthetic approach is increased by using scaffolds prepared from renewable resources. Indeed, recent years have seen the rise of various types of carbonate syntheses and applications. 5CC monomers are often polymerized with diamines to yield polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). Foams are developed from this type of polymers; moreover, the additional hydroxyl groups in PHU, absent in classical polyurethanes, lead to coatings with excellent adhesive properties. Furthermore, carbonate groups in polymers offer the possibility of post‐functionalization, such as curing reactions under mild conditions. Finally, the polarity of carbonate groups is remarkably high, so polymers with carbonates side‐chains can be used as polymer electrolytes in batteries or as conductive membranes. The target of this Review is to highlight the multiple opportunities offered by polymers prepared from and/or containing 5CCs. Firstly, the preparation of several classes of 5CCs is discussed with special focus on the sustainability of the synthetic routes. Thereafter, specific classes of polymers are discussed for which the use and/or presence of carbonate moieties is crucial to impart the targeted properties (foams, adhesives, polymers for energy applications, and other functional materials).

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“…In recent years, due to the concern over the impact of industrial processes on the environment, many researches are trying to minimize the use of hazardous chemicals and develop green technology synthesis. 1,2 Since the early 1970s, agricultural wastes have been a focus of investigation due to its high reactivity for grafting polymerization. Agricultural residues such as rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, sawdust of wood and wheat straw have been applied as efficient adsorbents for heavy metal removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of chelating agents from sugarcane bagasse by microwave radiation as an alternative ecologically benign procedure

et al. 2002

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Development of clean technology for the production of triols

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO₂ Utilization

Preparation of chelating agents from sugarcane bagasse by microwave radiation as an alternative ecologically benign procedure

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Development of clean technology for the production of triols

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO2 Utilization

Preparation of chelating agents from sugarcane bagasse by microwave radiation as an alternative ecologically benign procedure

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Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO₂ Utilization