Development of ciprofloxacin sensor using iron-doped graphitic carbon nitride as transducer matrix: Analysis of ciprofloxacin in blood samples

Abstract

In the present work, we have synthesized an iron-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (Fe@g-C3N4) composite and employed it for electrochemical sensing of ciprofloxacin (CFX). The physicochemical characteristics of the Fe@g-C3N4 composite were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) spectroscopy methods. Further, the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified with Fe@g-C3N4 composite to get PGE/Fe@g-C3N4 electrode and characterized the resultant electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to determine the effect of concentration and interferents. The modified PGE/Fe@g-C3N4 electrode demonstrated the exceptional electrochemical performance for CFX identification and quantification with a LOD of 5.4 nM, a wide linear range of 0.001-1.0 µM, and high sensitivity of 0.0018 µA mM-1 cm-2. Besides, Fe@g-C3N4 modified PGE showed remarkable recovery results in qualitative analysis of CFX in human blood specimens. This research advocates that the Fe@g-C3N4 composite acts as an excellent transducer material in the electrochemical sensing of CFX in blood and standard samples. Further, the proposed strategy deduces that the PGE/Fe@g-C3N4 sensor can be a prospective candidate for the dynamic determination of CFX in blood serum and possibly ratified as an exceptional drug sensor for therapeutic purposes.

Rapid Electrochemical Investigation of Gemfibrozil Using NiONPs/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: Analysis of Human Urine Sample and Antimicrobial Activity

“…Among metal oxides, NiONPs drew the attention of researchers as a promising electrode material attributable to its enhanced hypothetical specific capacitance (2584 F g À 1 within 0.5 V), natural profusion, inexpensive, chemical stability, and eco-friendliness. [26][27] NiONPs find diverse applicability as catalysts, [28] gas sensors, [29][30][31][32] battery equipment, [33] electrochromic veneers, [34] fuel cell electrodes, [35] and particularly HIV precluding therapy, antimicrobial exercises, antimicrobial paint coatings, textiles, water treatment as well as in the medical system. [36] Motivated by these insights, we synthesized the NiONPs by the co-precipitation method followed by the preparation of nickel oxide nanoparticles multiwalled carbon nanotube modified carbon paste electrode (NiONPs-MWCNTsMCPE) and the potential application for the electrochemical determination of GEM in tablet and human urine samples/Also, NiONPs was employed for the determination of antimicrobial activity on selected microbes.…”

“…NiONPs find diverse applicability as catalysts, [28] gas sensors, [29–32] battery equipment, [33] electrochromic veneers, [34] fuel cell electrodes, [35] and particularly HIV precluding therapy, antimicrobial exercises, antimicrobial paint coatings, textiles, water treatment as well as in the medical system [36] …”

A sensitive sensor based on graphitic carbon nitride/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids modified carbon paste electrode for sensing of carmoisine dye in food samples

“…Therefore, modified electrodes were suggested as highly powerful tools for trace-level analysis of electroactive compounds. According to the previously published papers, room temperature ionic liquids and nanomaterials can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors for the analysis of electroactive materials [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Synthesis of vanadium oxide nanoplate for electrochemical detection of amaranth in food samples

“…In recent years, interests have focused on the use of nanosized materials in various fields [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Nanomaterials are applied in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors due to an increased surface area of the electrodes, facile electron transfers and decreased surface fouling [39][40][41][42][43][44]. The vanadium oxide (V2O5), as n-type semi-conducting metal oxide, has impressive features like optical bandgap energy (2.3 eV), thermo-electric potentials, appreciable chemical, and thermal stability.…”