Development of chitosan–vancomycin antimicrobial coatings on titanium implants

Abstract

Techniques for titanium surface modification have been studied for applications in orthopedic implants specifically for local drug delivery. The extensive research in surface modification is driving the development of devices that integrate infection prevention, osseointegration, and functionality in a structural role. In this study, vancomycin was applied to modified titanium surfaces to determine the effect of surface morphology on drug loading and release profiles. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the released vancomycin was evaluated and found to have a similar effect as the standard vancomycin. The engineered surfaces included sandblasted, sandblasted acid etched, electrochemically etched, and sandblasted electrochemically etched. The antibiotic release was observed to be independent of the measured surface parameters of the engineered surfaces. The development of an implantable device in which the surface morphology can be tailored for an application with no effect on the total drug released would be beneficial to more precisely control the biological response while maintaining local drug delivery for infection prevention.

Novel Antibiotic-loaded Point-of-care Implant Coating Inhibits Biofilm

“…Differences in molecular weight and chemical structure may affect retention and release of different antibiotics from phosphatidylcholine. Antibiotics released from coatings were confirmed to be active in inhibiting growth of microorganisms through turbidity and zone of inhibition assays with similar activity to other antimicrobial coatings [5,14,25,43,69]. Although effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation, several of the implant coating strategies have the limitation of requiring prefabrication [25,43] and chemical modification with specific preselected antibiotics [4,29].…”

Immobilization of chitosan film containing semaphorin 3A onto a microarc oxidized titanium implant surface via silane reaction to improve MG63 osteogenic differentiation

“…18 Briefly, MAO Ti samples were treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane solution (2% v/v in 95% ethanol, pH 4.5) at room temperature and rinsed with absolute ethanol. Glutaraldehyde linker (2% v/v in double distilled H 2 O (ddH 2 O), pH 4.3) was introduced to the amino end of the aminosilane to provide a reactive aldehyde group.…”

“…15 In addition, its amine groups could be covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group via silane glutaraldehyde coupling, which has been greatly explored to improve Ti surface bioactivity as well as antibiotic drug delivery, due to the simple procedure and strong binding strength on a Ti surface compared with a conventional adsorption process. [16][17][18] Hence, we hypothesize that chitosan film might also be an ideal carrier of Sema3A to formulate osteoinductive Ti coating via covalent bonding.…”

Layer-by-layer gelatin/chitosan polyelectrolyte coated nanoparticles on Ti implants for prevention of implant-associated infections

“…Various antibiotic coatings on Ti have been investigated to provide a local antibacterial delivery to a Ti implant [2]. Most studies have involved incorporating antibiotics into numerous types of materials coatings such as carbonated hydroxyapatite [3] chitosan (Chi) [4] and tetraethylorthosilane [5] either directly, as a film or a layer-by-layer (LBL) coating [6][7][8].…”