Development of Charging/Discharging Scheduling Algorithm for Economical and Energy-Efficient Operation of Multi-EV Charging Station

Abstract

As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) significantly increases, the excessive charging demand of parked EVs in the charging station may incur an instability problem to the electricity network during peak hours. For the charging station to take a microgrid (MG) structure, an economical and energy-efficient power management scheme is required for the power provision of EVs while considering the local load demand of the MG. For these purposes, this study presents the power management scheme of interdependent MG and EV fleets aided by a novel EV charging/discharging scheduling algorithm. In this algorithm, the maximum amount of discharging power from parked EVs is determined based on the difference between local load demand and photovoltaic (PV) power production to alleviate imbalances occurred between them. For the power management of the MG with charging/discharging scheduling of parked EVs in the PV-based charging station, multi-objective optimization is performed to minimize the operating cost and grid dependency. In addition, the proposed scheme maximizes the utilization of EV charging/discharging while satisfying the charging requirements of parked EVs. Moreover, a more economical and energy-efficient PV-based charging station is established using the future trends of local load demand and PV power production predicted by a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network. With the proposed EV charging/discharging scheduling algorithm, the operating cost of PV-based charging station is decreased by 167.71% and 28.85% compared with the EV charging scheduling algorithm and the conventional EV charging/discharging scheduling algorithm, respectively. It is obvious that the economical and energy-efficient operation of PV-based charging station can be accomplished by applying the power management scheme with the proposed EV charging/discharging scheduling strategy.

A Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Solar Photovoltaic System Considering Market, Technical Requirements, Network Implications, and Future Challenges

“…It is estimated that by 2020, Germany will need around 70,000 public on-street charging spaces, according to the country's National Electric Mobility Platform (NPE) [23]. As a solution to the problems caused by China's current approaches to exploiting renewable energy and to keeping up with the ever-increasing energy needs of electric cars, the concept of placing a limited number to solar-powered charging stations to EVs is presented [24]. In May of 2017, the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom formed the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI), a multi-govt policy forum with the goal of promoting the global adoption of EVs.…”

Kiểm chứng đáp ứng sạc thời gian thực theo thuật toán sạc dài hạn của trạm sạc xe điện tích hợp điện mặt trời

“…Tác giả Mohamed A và công sự [12] đã đề xuất một chiến lược sạc thông minh theo thời gian thực cho trạm sạc EV có tích hợp PV ở nơi làm việc với mục tiêu là tối thiểu chi phí sạc. Trong nghiên cứu [13], việc sạc/xả được áp dụng cho từng EV theo thời gian thực và theo giải thuật lập kế hoạch sạc/xả có xét tới nhu cầu tải cục bộ và công suất phát đầu ra của PV. Nhìn chung, trong các nghiên cứu đó, đối tượng chủ yếu là trạm sạc ô tô điện.…”

Research on Optimal Scheduling Strategy of Microgrid Considering Electric Vehicle Access

“…The uncertainty of renewable energy output and the disorderly grid connection of EVs have brought great challenges to the safe and stable operation of power systems. To ensure the feasibility and symmetry of the microgrid, it is of great significance to carry out research on the optimal operation of the microgrid considering the access of EVs [6][7][8].…”