Development of cerebral sulci and gyri in ferrets (<i>Mustela putorius</i>)

Sawada, Kazuhiko; Watanabe, Misaki

doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.2012.00372.x

Cited by 45 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The name of each brain part in Fig. 1 is as previously described 36 : GM, grey matter; WM, white matter; AEG, anterior ectosylvian gyrus; ASG, anterior sigmoid gyrus; CG, cingulate gyrus; CNG, coronal gyrus; GR, gyrus rectus; LG, lateral gyrus; OBG, orbital gyrus; PEG, posterior ectosylvian gyrus; PL, piriform lobe; PSG, posterior sigmoid gyrus; SSG, suprasylvian gyrus; cb, cerebellum; cc, corpus callosum; cd, caudate; hpc, hippocampus; hy, hypothalamus; th, thalamus. For DTI tensor measurement, a total of 15 different non-collinear diffusion weighted directions (b = 1000 s/mm 2 ) and 1 without diffusion weighting were obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size

Johnson

Sun

Kodani

et al. 2018

Nature

145

154

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The human cerebral cortex is distinguished by its large size and abundant gyrification, or folding, yet the evolutionary mechanisms driving cortical size and structure are unknown. While genes essential for cortical developmental expansion have been identified from the genetics of human primary microcephaly (“small head”, associated with reduced brain size and intellectual disability)1, studies of these genes in mice, whose smooth cortex is one thousand times smaller than that of humans, have provided limited insight. Mutations of abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM), the most common recessive microcephaly gene, reduce cortical volume by ≥50% in humans2–4, but have little effect in mice5–9, likely reflecting evolutionarily divergent functions of ASPM10,11. We used genome editing to create a germline knockout (KO) of Aspm in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo), a species with a larger, gyrified cortex and greater neural progenitor cell (NPC) diversity12–14 than mice, and closer Aspm protein sequence homology to human. Aspm KO ferrets exhibit severe microcephaly (25–40% decreases in brain weight), reflecting reduced cortical surface area without significant change in cortical thickness, as in human patients3,4, suggesting loss of “cortical units”. The mutant ferret fetal cortex displays a massive premature displacement of ventricular radial glial cells (VRG) to the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), where many resemble outer radial glia (ORG), an NPC subtype essentially absent in mice and implicated in cerebral cortical expansion in primates12–16. These data suggest an evolutionary mechanism whereby Aspm regulates cortical expansion by controlling the affinity of VRG for the ventricular surface, thus modulating the ratio of VRG, the most undifferentiated cell type, to ORG, a more differentiated progenitor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size

Johnson

Sun

Kodani

et al. 2018

Nature

145

154

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“…it has gyri and sulci, but the rodent brain is not. Furthermore, experimental measurements of cell proliferation and migration show that primates have a subventricular zone (SVZ) with subdivisions and intermediate radial glial cells that divide more, which leads to enhanced cell proliferation (Reillo et al 2011, Hansen et al 2010. The mouse brain has ~20 cortical areas, whereas the human brain has ~200 (Kaas 2012).…”

Section: Complementarity and Potential Synergies With The Flagship Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike mice, ferrets develop a rich pattern of deep neocortical folds and cortico-cortical connections (Barnette et al 2009, Sawada and Watanabe 2012 (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Objectives Of the Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These macroscopic datasets have been recently complemented by the BigBrain project (Amunts et al 2013), which has made freely available a complete human brain scanned at microscopic scale. For mouse, rat and macaque, detailed closed source atlases have been available for decades (Paxinos and Watson 2008, Paxinos and Franklin 2012, Wu et al 2000. In recent years much work has been done to create open source alternatives (Hawrylycz et al 2014) that can be used for data mining and online data integration platforms, exemplary is the work done by the Allen Institute for Brain Research Research to provide open, normative datasets and atlases for mouse and human.…”

Section: Objectives Of the Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FIIND: Ferret Interactive Integrated Neurodevelopment Atlas

Toro¹,

Bakker²,

Delzescaux³

et al. 2018

RIO

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The first days after birth in ferrets provide a privileged view of the development of a complex mammalian brain. Unlike mice, ferrets develop a rich pattern of deep neocortical folds and cortico-cortical connections. Unlike humans and other primates, whose brains are well differentiated and folded at birth, ferrets are born with a very immature and completely smooth neocortex: folds, neocortical regionalisation and cortico-cortical connectivity develop in ferrets during the first postnatal days. After a period of fast neocortical expansion, during which brain volume increases by up to a factor of 4 in 2 weeks, the ferret brain reaches its adult volume at about 6 weeks of age. Ferrets could thus become a major animal model to investigate the neurobiological correlates of the phenomena observed in human neuroimaging. Many of these phenomena, such as the relationship between brain folding, cortico-cortical connectivity and neocortical regionalisation cannot be investigated in mice, but could be investigated in ferrets.Our aim is to provide the research community with a detailed description of the development of a complex brain, necessary to better understand the nature of human neuroimaging data, create models of brain development, or analyse the relationship between multiple spatial scales. We have already started a project to constitute an open, collaborative atlas of ferret brain development, integrating multi-modal and multi-scale data. We have acquired data for 28 ferrets (4 animals per time point from P0 to adults), using ‡ § | ¶ §

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“…Fixed brain samples of male and female ferrets, which had been used in our previous study [31], were used in the present study. Male and female ferrets were purchased at differential postnatal days (PDs) (each of three males at PDs 4, 10, 21, 42, and 90; each of three females at PDs 4, 10, 21, 42, and 90) from SLC (Hamamatsu, Japan).…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent Sexually-Dimorphic Asymmetric Development of the Ferret Cerebellar Cortex

Sawada

Aoki

2017

Symmetry

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Abstract:A three-dimensional (3D) T 1 -weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 7-Tesla system was acquired with a high spatial resolution from fixed brains of male and female ferrets at postnatal days (PDs) 4 to 90, and their age-related sexual difference and laterality were evaluated by MRI-based ex vivo volumetry. The volume of both left and right sides of cerebellar cortex was larger in males than in females on PD 10 and thereafter. When the cerebellar cortex was divided into four transverse domains, i.e., anterior zone (AZ; lobules I-V), central zone (CZ; lobules VI and VII), posterior zone (PZ; lobules VIII-IXa), and nodular zone (NZ; lobules IXb and X), an age-related significantly greater volume in males than in females was detected on either side of all four domains on PD 42 and of the AZ on PD 90, but only on the left side of the PZ on PD 90. Regarding the volume laterality, significant leftward asymmetry was obtained in the CZ and PZ volumes in males, but not in females on PD 90. From asymmetry quotient (AQ) analysis, AQ scores were rightward in the AZ in both sexes already on PD 21, but gradually left-lateralized only in males in the CZ, PZ, and NZ during PDs 42 to 90. The present study suggests that a characteristic counterclockwise torque asymmetry (rostrally right-biased, and caudally left-biased or symmetrical) is acquired in both sexes of ferrets during PDs 42 to 90, although the leftward laterality of the posterior half of the cerebellum was more enhanced in males.

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Development of cerebral sulci and gyri in ferrets (Mustela putorius)

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size

Aspm knockout ferret reveals an evolutionary mechanism governing cerebral cortical size

FIIND: Ferret Interactive Integrated Neurodevelopment Atlas

Age-Dependent Sexually-Dimorphic Asymmetric Development of the Ferret Cerebellar Cortex

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