Development of cell/transistor interface for real-time and noninvasive monitoring of potassium ion release based on apoptosis using biologically-coupled field effect transistor

Abstract

We report the real-time and noninvasive detection of K + release through cell membrane using a biologically-coupled field effect transistor (bio-FET). To achieve this purpose, the cell/transistor interface, which can selectively detect K + release through the ion-channel, was developed. The K + release through the ion-channel caused by apoptosis (programmed cell death) could be electrically detected using the bio-FET with crown ether monolayer. Thus we have demonstrated the ability to analyze selectively the ion channel behavior using the bio-FET modified with the functional monolayer.

Gating a Single Cell: A Label-Free and Real-Time Measurement Method for Cellular Progression

“…During apoptosis, there is an increased activity in potassium ion channels, leading to increase in efflux of potassium ions and consequently shrinking the cell volume which has been well reported 32 Similarly, in Figure 4 (a), we observe that increasing the radiation dose leads to shifting of threshold voltages to negative values. From this, it is inferred that increasing dose leads to increase in apoptosisrelated activities within the cell.…”

“…During apoptosis, there is an increased activity in potassium ion channels, leading to increase in efflux of potassium ions and consequently shrinking the cell volume which has been well reported. 32 The change in K + ion concentration is hypothesized as the reason behind the shift in threshold voltage as a consequence of increased apoptosis-related activities stimulated by irradiation. The results in Figure 2 collectively explains that the increase in the postirradiation time leads to the increase in apoptosis-related activities in the cell.…”

Ion Sensitive Transparent-Gate Transistor for Visible Cell Sensing

“…In this case, surface modification of ion-sensitive compounds such as crown ether (18-crown-6) allows the selective detection of K + to monitor such cell functions while preventing a pH response. 26 Cellular respiration contributes to the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resulting in the discharge of CO 2 through glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electrotransfer system in a mitochondrion after glucose and oxygen are taken into a cell. The eliminated CO 2 is dissolved in a solution so that hydrogen ions are generated in accordance with the equilibrium reaction.…”

“…However, programmed cell death is accompanied by K + release through the ion channels, for example, because the concentration of K + inside cells (about 140 mM) is higher than that outside (about 4 mM). In this case, surface modification of ion-sensitive compounds such as crown ether (18-crown-6) allows the selective detection of K + to monitor such cell functions while preventing a pH response …”