Development of Cell Polarity

Quatrano, Ralph S.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.29.060178.002415

Cited by 134 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Jaffe and others have postulated that the flow of electrical current may confer polarity by establishing intracellular electrophoretic fields which could move and organize appropriately charged molecules in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane (Jaffe, 1977;Quatrano, 1978). The simplicity of such a mechanism is very appealing and a variety of recent theoretical and experimental reports (mainly concerning bioelectric currents in animal cells) strongly support this hypothesis (see review by Nuccitelli, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transhyphal Electrical Currents in Fungi

Gow

1984

Microbiology

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Representative mycelial fungi from the phycomycete, ascomycete and basidiomycete groups ( Achlya bisexualis, Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, Schizophyllum commune and Coprinus cinereus) all generated steady electrical currents around their hyphal tips; the generation of a transhyphal ion current may therefore be a universal characteristic of hyphal growth. As with all other tip growing organisms, positive current always entered apically and left distally; nongrowing hyphae did not drive transcellular currents. The current density, measured approximately 30 pm from the membrane surface at the hyphal tips, varied between 0.05 and 0.60 pA cm-2 in different fungi and tended to be larger in wider, rapidly extending hyphae than in thinner, slow growing hyphae. The possibility that these currents serve to localize growth at the apex is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transhyphal Electrical Currents in Fungi

Gow

1984

Microbiology

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“…By the further characterization of these mutants, including analyses at the molecular level, it may be possible to gain a better understanding of the nature of the RHD gene products and their roles in root hair development. These studies may also lead to new insights regarding developmental processes in other cells that exhibit polar growth, such as pollen tubes (Sievers and Schnepf, 1981), funga1 hyphae (Wessels, 1986), Funaria caulonema tip cells (Schmiedel and Schnepf, 1980), and Fucus zygotes (Quatrano, 1978). An interesting observation from these studies is that, although these mutant plants have severe root hair abnormalities, each of them is healthy and fertile.…”

Section: Dlscusslonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Control of Root Hair Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

1990

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Visual examination of roots from 12,000 mutagenized Arabidopsis seedlings has led to the identification of more'. than 40 mutants impaired in root hair morphogenesis. Mutants from four phenotypic classes have been characterized in detail, and genetic tests show that these result from single nuclear recessive mutations in four different genes designated RHD1, RHDP, RHD3, and RHD4. The phenotypic analysis of the mutants and homozygous double mutants has led to a proposed model for root hair development and the stages at which the genes are normally required. The RHDl gene product appears to be necessary for proper initiation of root hairs, whereas the RHDS, RHD3, and RHD4 gene products are required for normal hair elongation. These results demonstrate that root hair development in Arabidopsis is amenable to genetic dissection and should prove to be a useful model system to study the molecular mechanisms governing cell differentiation in plants.

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“…Eggs and zygotes of various species of brown algae, mostly fucoids, have been used as model systems in studies of spermatozoid attraction (Maier & M/iller, 1986), fertilisation potential (Brawley, 1987(Brawley, , 1991, polyspermy (Brawley, 1992), cell wall secretion (Evans et al, 1982; Brawley & Bell, 1987;Quatrano, 1992), the development of polarity (Quatrano, 1978;Quatrano et al, 1985;Kropf, 1992) and rhizoid growth (Kropf & Quatrano, 1987, Kropf, 1989. However, despite being the focus of so many investigations, there have been surprisingly few detailed ultrastmctural investigations of the eggs and zygotes of brown algae, possibly due to the notorious problems encountered in the fixation of brown algal tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion of phenolic bodies following fertilisation inDurvillaea potatorum(Durvillaeales, Phaeophyta)

Clayton

Ashburner

1994

European Journal of Phycology

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Cytological events immediately following plasmogamy in Durvillaea potatorum are described. Eggs contain several types of cytoplasmic vesicle differing in size and appearance. Histochemical tests and measurements are used to characterise and distinguish different types of vesicle containing phenolic compounds, lipids and polysaccharides. Within 2 min of plasmogamy, small phenolic vesicles located just below the egg membrane undergo mass synchronised exocytosis. The contents of these vesicles are discharged as phenolic bodies on the outside of the membrane. Secretion of phenolic bodies precedes secretion of the primary zygote wall by several minutes. Limited secretion of phenolics also occurs in unfertilised eggs. Peripheral phenolic vesicles are distinguishable from physodes, which also 'contain phenolic compounds but which are significantly larger and tend to be localised around the egg nucleus. The possible functional significance of the phenolic bodies is discussed. Coated pits and vesicles are common in zygotes, and their presence is evidence for endocytosis.Key words: Fertilisation, Phaeophyceae, Phenolics, Secretion, Zygote. IntroductionEggs and zygotes of various species of brown algae, mostly fucoids, have been used as model systems in studies of spermatozoid attraction (Maier & M/iller, 1986), fertilisation potential (Brawley, 1987(Brawley, , 1991, polyspermy (Brawley, 1992), cell wall secretion (Evans et al., 1982; Brawley & Bell, 1987;Quatrano, 1992), the development of polarity (Quatrano, 1978;Quatrano et al., 1985;Kropf, 1992) and rhizoid growth (Kropf & Quatrano, 1987, Kropf, 1989. However, despite being the focus of so many investigations, there have been surprisingly few detailed ultrastmctural investigations of the eggs and zygotes of brown algae, possibly due to the notorious problems encountered in the fixation of brown algal tissues. The present study was instigated to examine structural aspects associated with fertilisation in the southern bull kelp, Durvillaea potatorum (Labillardi6re) Areschoug. The study revealed a previously undescribed phenomenon, the mass secretion of phenolic bodies, which occurs immediately following plasmogamy. The possible functional significance of this phenomenon is discussed. Materials and methodsFertile thallus pieces from male and female plants of Durvillaea potatorum were collected at Sorrento, Victoria, and were stored for 24 h without water in polythene bags kept on ice. Release of eggs and spermatozoids was stimulated by washing thallus fragments with chilled seawater. Dense suspensions of eggs and spermatozoids were prepared separately, checked microscopically to ensure they were in good condition, and then used immediately as outlined below. Electron microscopyFor transmission electron microscopy, egg and sperm suspensions were mixed and samples were taken after 2, 15, 30 and 60 min, and 25 h. For comparison, a series of unfertilised eggs (not mixed with spermatozoids) was fixed at the same times. Specimens were preserved in a fixative similar to that us...

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Development of Cell Polarity

Cited by 134 publications

References 79 publications

Transhyphal Electrical Currents in Fungi

Transhyphal Electrical Currents in Fungi

Genetic Control of Root Hair Development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Secretion of phenolic bodies following fertilisation inDurvillaea potatorum(Durvillaeales, Phaeophyta)

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