Development of calculation methods for additional electrical power losses during transportation

Determining additional power losses in the electricity supply systems due to current's higher harmonics

“…The issue of the negative impact of higher harmonics and inactive components in load currents on the systems of electricity supply has been given considerable attention in [4][5][6][7][8]. However, it should be noted that the results from calculating the additional losses in the active resistance of electric networks due to the currents higher harmonics duffer significantly in a series of publications [9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…where v is the number of a harmonic; n is the number of considered harmonics; I v is the rms value for the v-th harmonic; R 1 is the active resistance in a line of constant current; k rv is the coefficient that takes into consideration an increase in resistance under the action of a surface effect. However, a k rv coefficient, which takes into consideration the influence of a surface effect, is determined from different expressions in publications [9][10][11][12].…”

“…where d is the diameter of the conductor, mm; a is the distance between the centers of cores, mm. In a series of studies [10][11][12], a k coefficient that takes into consideration an increase in active resistance under the action of a skin effect accepts a larger value and is determined from:…”

“…Active resistance of wire R is the real part of the integrated resistance Z from expression (10). The derived dependences for the active resistance of a copper wire of length 10 km with different diameters on the frequency, calculated according to expression (11), are shown in Fig. 4.…”