Development of Calcium Phosphate Inhibitng Polymers for Cooling Water Applications

Amjad, Zahid

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5517-9_16

Cited by 30 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…During the last three decades researchers have proposed several approaches for controlling scale formation including the use of acid, chelant, ion exchanger, or inhibitors [6]. The most promising scale control method involves using sub-stoichiometric dosages, especially a few parts per million (ppm), to the feed water either non-polymeric, e.g., phosphonate, phosphonocitric acid, condensed phosphate or polymeric additives, e.g., homopolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, and copolymers containing monomers of different functional group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scale inhibition by PAA, PAPEMP, and PAA/PAPEMP blend

Amjad

Landgraf²,

Penn³

2014

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib.

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The effects of poly(acrylic acid), PAA, polyamino polyether methylene phosphonic acid, PAPEMP, and PAA/PAPEMP blend on calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) are reported in this paper. It has been found that gypsum inhibition by PAA increases with increasing PAA concentration. Among the various phoshonates (i.e., aminotris(methylene phosphonic acid), AMP; hydroxyphosphono acetic acid, HPA; hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid, HEDP; 2-phosphonobutane 1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, PBTC; and polyether polyamino phosphonic acid, PAPEP) evaluated, PAPEMP shows the best inhibition for gypsum precipitation. It has also been observed that presence of PAPEMP exhibits synergistic effect on the performance of PAA. Results on calcium ion compatibility of various phosphonates show that PAPEMP compared to other phosphonates tested show higher tolerance to calcium ions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scale inhibition by PAA, PAPEMP, and PAA/PAPEMP blend

Amjad

Landgraf²,

Penn³

2014

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib.

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“…Alkali treatment and subsequent heat treatment, which alters the surface chemical components and generates a porous surface, found by Kim et al [13], can improve the formation of a bone-like apatite layer and consequently the performances of the Ti implant. The two-step acid and alkali process have similar surface modification effect while avoids the heat treatment.…”

Section: Physicochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The two-step acid and alkali process have similar surface modification effect while avoids the heat treatment. Furthermore, precalcification can be used to accelerate deposition speed of Ca and P [13].…”

Section: Physicochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Titanium and its Alloys for Biomedical Application

Luo

Jiang

Wei

et al. 2014

AMR

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Titanium and its alloys have excellent properties and are promising biomaterial in medical engineering field. A bioactive surface on a Ti substrate is a prerequisite for great performance and long service life of implants. Based on the mechanism for inducing cell/tissue responses, three kinds of methods, namely morphological, physicochemical and biochemical methods, are reviewed in this paper. Hybrid methods that integrate individual methods or have additional functions are also discussed. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies

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“…For copolymers, however, slightly higher MW (5,000 -10,000) gives optimum performance. Further, the optimum MW is strongly dependent on the type and amount of comonomers present in the copolymer [24]. The effect of MW on the performance of PA was also investigated by conducting several experiments in the presence of 10 ppm of poly(acrylic acid) with varying MW.…”

Section: Performance Of Synthetic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of biopolymers and synthetic polymers as hydroxyapatite dispersants for industrial water systems

Amjad¹,

Kweik²,

Bickett³

2015

Int. J. Corros. Scale Inhib.

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The dispersion of hydroxyapatite, Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH, HAP, by a variety of biopolymers and synthetic polymers of different composition and ionic charge has been investigated. The dispersion data show that polymer effectiveness as HAP dispersant strongly depends upon polymer architecture. Results also reveal that synthetic polymers perform better than biopolymers. It has been found that anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric, and cationic surfactants are ineffective as HAP dispersants. Additionally, it has also been observed that cationic surfactant and cationic polymer exhibit antagonistic effect on the performance of anionic polymeric dispersants.

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Development of Calcium Phosphate Inhibitng Polymers for Cooling Water Applications

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scale inhibition by PAA, PAPEMP, and PAA/PAPEMP blend

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scale inhibition by PAA, PAPEMP, and PAA/PAPEMP blend

Surface Modification of Titanium and its Alloys for Biomedical Application

Comparative evaluation of biopolymers and synthetic polymers as hydroxyapatite dispersants for industrial water systems

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