“…At present, various medical health issues and complications such as breast cancer diagnosis, brain tumor diagnosis, and many more are utilizing machine and deep learning models-based solutions (Fati et al, 2022;Mathiyazhagan et al, 2022;Mohanty et al, 2021;Flayyih et al, 2020;Hasan et al, 2020;Hussien et al, 2020;Inbarani et al, 2020;Kumar et al, 2019Kumar et al, , 2015Hassanien et al, 2014;Emary et al, 2014a,b;Aziz et al, 2013;Jothi et al, 2020Jothi et al, , 2019aJothi et al, ,b, 2013Anter et al, 2013;Azar et al, 2013Azar et al, , 2012. The technology of deep learning can disclose the features of the image that are non-obvious in the original image (Boulmaiz et al, 2022, Zaidi et al 2022Azar et al, 2021;Koubaa et al, 2020;Elkholy et al, 2020;Ibrahim et al, 2020).…”