Development of Brain Injury Criteria (BrIC)

Effect of Aging on Brain Injury Prediction in Rotational Head Trauma—A Parameter Study with a Rat Finite Element Model

“…Instead, we selected reasonably well-established indicators for the targeted injuries (DAI and ASDH) and evaluated how changes in age-dependent factors implemented in the brain model affected the injury risk indicators. Strain-based injury indicators (MPS and CSDM), which have been largely shown to correlate with DAI injury severity and locations through reconstructions of both animal experimental data scaled to humans (Takhounts et al 2003(Takhounts et al , 2008 and human accidents (Kleiven 2007;Takhounts et al 2013), were selected as reasonable indicators of DAI risk. RMDM, which accounts for relative motion between the brain cortex surface and the skull, may be a suitable ASDH risk indicator for modeling techniques that allow certain relative brain-skull motion through either tiebreak-type contacts (Takhounts et al 2003) or sliding-type contacts (Kleiven 2007;Zhang et al 2001) but not for models with tied-type contacts (Takhounts et al 2008).…”

“…Based on reconstructions of real-life human impacts and scaled animal experimental data with a human FE model, DAI risk curves were proposed on the basis of the calculated CSDM (Takhounts et al 2013). Following the same methodology, the relative motion damage measurement (RMDM), which accounts for relative displacements between the surface of the brain cortex and the skull, was correlated to ASDH injuries (Takhounts et al 2003).…”

Full-face motorcycle helmet protection from facial impacts: an investigation using THOR dummy impacts and SIMon finite element head model

“…CSDM is based on the hypothesis that DAI is associated with the cumulative volume of brain matter experiencing tensile strains over a critical level 18. Reconstruction of road traffic head injuries, American footballer impacts and animal tests have been used to develop injury risk values for DAI and concussion based on MPS and CSDM values with good correlation 19 20. For example, MPS of 32% has been suggested as 50% likelihood for mild traumatic brain injury based on American football cases21 and MPS of 89% a 50% likelihood of DAI 20.…”

“…Reconstruction of road traffic head injuries, American footballer impacts and animal tests have been used to develop injury risk values for DAI and concussion based on MPS and CSDM values with good correlation 19 20. For example, MPS of 32% has been suggested as 50% likelihood for mild traumatic brain injury based on American football cases21 and MPS of 89% a 50% likelihood of DAI 20. Similarly, a proportion of 18.2% of the brain strained beyond 10% (CSDM10) reportedly corresponded to 50% likelihood of concussion21 and a proportion of 49% of the brain strained beyond 25% (CSDM25) related to 50% probability of DAI 20…”

Effects of brain mechanical properties on child head responses under linear load

“…Finite element analysis is a good method to investigate head injury mechanism especially for adults [5][6][7][8][9]. The child head finite element (FE) model with high biofidelity, which is validated by reconstructing cadaver tests or traffic accidents, is one the most effective ways to investigate pediatric head response and injury mechanism [10][11][12].…”