Development of blood transfusion product pathogen reduction treatments: A review of methods, current applications and demands

Pathogen Inactivation Plays an Irreplaceable Role in Safeguarding the Safety of Blood Transfusion

“…Due to the size of most viruses are between 20-200 nm, nanofiltration can remove a wide range of both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses with 4-6 logs reduction of the viral load, preserving 90-95% recovery of protein activity. Prions are also reported to be removed [5,7]. A recent study by Caballero et al demonstrated that nanofiltration can eliminate 99.99% of viruses (e.g., PRV; HIV-1; WNV; HAV), confirming the robustness and consistency of nanofiltration in virus removal [8].…”

“…HAV and B19V) [4]. Currently, physical heat treatment has been adapted to terminal dry heating of lyophilized products in the container, which is performed at 100℃ for 30-120 min to inactivate both lipid enveloped and non-enveloped viruses [4,5]. Solvent/Detergent(S/D), as a chemical method, inactivates products through membrane-disruption.…”

“…Octaplas, as a mature commercial product based on S/D inactivation, has already been widely used in Europe. Though nonenveloped viruses like Hepatitis A virus（HAV）or Parvovirus B19 are resistant to S/D inactivation, the risk of infection has been greatly reduced because of the presence of neutralization antibodies in the initial product pools [5,6].…”

Humanes Cytomegalievirus (HCMV)

“…Neue Studienergebnisse belegen, dass frisch serokonvertierte Spender die höchsten Viruskonzentrationen im Verlauf einer HCMV-Infektion haben. Diese Spender waren klinisch asymptomatisch und wurden ohne HCMV-Diagnostik nicht erkannt [9, [152][153][154][155][156][157][158].…”

“…Jedoch sollte längerfris-tig die Anwendung solcher Präparate wissenschaftlich begleitet werden [150,160]. Verfahren zur Inaktivierung von Pathogenen in Erythrozytenpräparaten sind noch in Entwicklung und müssen in klinischen Studien weiter untersucht werden [155,158].…”