Development of biomass in a drinking water granular active carbon (GAC) filter

Velten, Silvana; Boller, Markus; Köster, Oliver; Helbing, Jakob; Weilenmann, Hans Ulrich; Hammes, Frederik

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.017

Cited by 172 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…5b). This was most likely due to higher readily biodegradable substrate availability in this region, a stratification already observed in previous studies (Lautenschlager et al, 2014;Velten et al, 2011), and from the decay of cells filtered onto the columns from the influent. The higher amount of cells detected on the top positions of the filters can be linked with the higher observed alpha biodiversity.…”

Section: Implications For Water Quality: Cell Removalsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The stable DOC removal from day 25 onwards is most likely due to biological activity compared to the chemical/physical adsorption that occurred in the first 25 days. In sand columns, no significant DOC removal was recorded in the first 20 days, while it progressively increased reaching an average of 9% in the following 36 days, which, as in the GAC columns, could likely be attributed to biology (Velten et al, 2011).…”

Section: Implications For Water Quality: Putative Pathogens and Faecamentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The columns were operated for 56 days (5280 empty bed volumes) at room temperature (21.9 ± 2 C). According to previous literature, this period of time was considered sufficient to ensure the development of a stable biofilm through the whole length of the filter as suggested by the steady-state removal of DOC observed (Velten et al, 2011). The feed water was collected weekly from a local boating pond in Newcastle upon Tyne (UK) and stored in the dark at 4 C prior to use, for no more than seven days after collection.…”

Section: Columns Set-up and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

et al. 2018

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a b s t r a c tLittle is known about the forces that determine the assembly of diverse bacterial communities inhabiting drinking water treatment filters and how this affects drinking water quality. Two contrasting ecological theories can help to understand how natural microbial communities assemble; niche theory and neutral theory, where environmental deterministic factors or stochastic factors predominate respectively. This study investigates the development of the microbial community on two common contrasting filter materials (quartz sand and granular activated carbon-GAC), to elucidate the main factors governing their assembly, through the evaluation of environmental (i.e. filter medium type) and stochastic forces (random deaths, births and immigration). Laboratory-scale filter columns were used to mimic a rapid gravity filter; the microbiome of the filter materials, and of the filter influent and effluent, was characterised using next generation 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and flow-cytometry. Chemical parameters (i.e. dissolved organic carbon, trihalomethanes formation) were also monitored to assess the final effluent quality. The filter communities seemed to be strongly assembled by selection rather than neutral processes, with only 28% of those OTUs shared with the source water detected on the filter medium following predictions using a neutral community model. GAC hosted a phylogenetically more diverse community than sand. The two filter media communities seeded the effluent water, triggering differences in both water quality and community composition of the effluents. Overall, GAC proved to be better than sand in controlling microbial growth, by promoting higher bacterial decay rates and hosting less bacterial cells, and showed better performance for putative pathogen control by leaking less Legionella cells into the effluent water.

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Section: Implications For Water Quality: Cell Removalsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Implications For Water Quality: Putative Pathogens and Faecamentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Columns Set-up and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

et al. 2018

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“…Despite the apparent saturation of ACC's adsorptive sites, the removal began to increase at day 11, with approximately 20-25 % steady COD Mn removal from day 22 onward. This stable removal was due to biodegradation by microorganisms that colonizing on the ACC comparable to previous study (Velten et al 2011). After this stage, the filter operated in steady state, in which almost all removal of organic matter occurs via bio-oxidation, and adsorption by the filter material was insignificant.…”

Section: Organic Matter Removal In Acc/qsdlbf and Qsslbf During Startsupporting

confidence: 78%

Development of attapulgite composite ceramsite/quartz sand double-layer biofilter for micropolluted drinking source water purification

Wang

Zhong

Wan

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study compared start-up and steady-state affecting factors of attapulgite composite ceramsite/quartz sand double-layer biofilter (ACC/QSDLBF) and quartz sand single-layer biofilter (QSSLBF) on micropolluted drinking source water treatment. Results showed that the ACC has suitable pore size distribution in the range of 5-850 nm which is conducive to biofiltration. Turbidity removal efficiency of ACC/QSDLBF was a little lower than QSSLBF, but organic matters and ammonia removal efficiencies of ACC/QSDLBF were much higher than QSSLBF due to biodegradation and nitrification by microorganisms colonizing on the ACC. At stable state, the growth of head loss for ACC/QSDLBF was lower than that of QSSLBF. The complete filtration cycle of ACC/ QSDLBF was 52 h. The total COD Mn removal rate of ACC/QSDLBF was 20.93 %, in which 90 % of removed total COD Mn was achieved at the upper 60 cm of ACC filter layer. The removal of COD Mn decreased from 35.89 to 13.16 % in ACC/QSDLBF when increasing hydraulic loading from 2 to 16 m/h. After analysis of efficient EBCT in ACC/QSDLBF, optimized hydraulic loading was 12 m/ h. These conclusions would be helpful to practical application of ACC as functional material for new construction of waterworks, especially upgrading of existing waterworks treating micropolluted drinking source water.

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“…It influences significantly on the quality of raw water and the choice of its processing technology. Different methods of mechanical (Velten et al, 2011;Ding et al, 2016) and chemical (Matthijs et al, 2012;Van Nevel et al, 2012) exposure are used to counter the phytoplankton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of drinking water from the low power surface water sources

Govorova

2017

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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In our research, we studied the specificity of formation of the water quality in water sources with a limited debit in the lake Staroe, located in the southern part of the West Siberian Plain, and in the river Malaya Karla, located in the Republic of Kazan in Russia. We carried out a study of the efficacy of detention of phytoplankton, contained in the initial raw water on a floating filter with expanded polystyrene (EPS) bed. We developed three technological models, which provide the removal of algae by using a floating filter with further coagulation of the remaining suspended substances for processing of the raw water from the low power surface sources. The application of the proposed water pretreatment technologies from the low power sources can significantly reduce the problem of the drinking water supply to the small populated areas in different climatic conditions.

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Development of biomass in a drinking water granular active carbon (GAC) filter

Cited by 172 publications

References 25 publications

Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

Medium shapes the microbial community of water filters with implications for effluent quality

Development of attapulgite composite ceramsite/quartz sand double-layer biofilter for micropolluted drinking source water purification

Pretreatment of drinking water from the low power surface water sources

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