Development of biofuels for the UK automotive market

Hammond, Geoffrey P.; Kallu, S.; McManus, Marcelle

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2007.09.005

Cited by 138 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, there are constraints on the availability of platinum group metals for fuel cell vehicles (Tonn and Das, 2002). Biofuel feedstock availability can also be limited and lead to uncertainty among producers and investors (Hammond et al, 2008). Finally, natural gas may face the same long-term resource constraints as crude oil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Unruh (2002) suggests that "carbon lock-in", which is where fossil fuels are embedded in the dominant institutional infrastructure, constrains policy actions and, as a result, policy-makers should create flexible policy regimes that allow for future evolution.…”

Section: Technical Barriers and Market Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How should barriers to alternative fuels and vehicles be classified and potential policies to promote innovative technologies be evaluated?

Browne¹,

O’Mahony

Caulfield

2012

Journal of Cleaner Production

155

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There appears to be increasing policy emphasis globally on developing innovative technologies and promoting incentives to support the take-up of alternative fuels and vehicles (AFVs) among consumers. The primary reason for this is that they potentially offer a pathway to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution in the transport sector, without the need for contentious transport demand management measures such as road pricing or restrictive land use planning. However, despite the fact that AFVs are often seen as a panacea by policy-makers, there are a number of barriers to their widespread market penetration and diffusion. The objective of this paper is to present a framework, which can be modified and used by policy-makers to identify and qualitatively evaluate these barriers as well as potential policies that might be implemented to address these barriers. The paper concludes by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of applying this framework . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 1 How Should Barriers to Alternative Fuels and Vehicles be Classified and Potential Policies to Promote Innovative Technologies be Evaluated?Abstract There appears to be increasing policy emphasis globally on developing innovative technologies and promoting incentives to support the take-up of alternative fuels and vehicles (AFVs) among consumers. The primary reason for this is that they potentially offer a pathway to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution in the transport sector, without the need for contentious transport demand management measures such as road pricing or restrictive land use planning. However, despite the fact that AFVs are often seen as a panacea by policy-makers, there are a number of barriers to their widespread market penetration and diffusion. The objective of this paper is to present a framework, which can be modified and used by policy-makers to identify and qualitatively evaluate these barriers as well as potential policies that might be implemented to address these barriers. The paper concludes by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of applying this framework.

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Section: Technical Barriers and Market Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How should barriers to alternative fuels and vehicles be classified and potential policies to promote innovative technologies be evaluated?

Browne¹,

O’Mahony

Caulfield

2012

Journal of Cleaner Production

155

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“…Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources, which consists of short chain (methyl or ethyl) esters, produced from vegetable-based oils by transesterification. A large number of studies have shown that biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable, alternative and environmentally friendly biofuels that can be used in diesel engine with little or no modifications in the engine [5][6][7][8][9]. It has also been shown that biodiesel has significant potential to reduce CO 2 , CO, THC and PM emissions [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

et al. 2012

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Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable, alternative and environmentally friendly biofuels that can be used in diesel engine without any need for any modification in the engine. However, researchers have reported that the engines running with biodiesel emit NOx in higher concentrations. To address this problem, in the present study an experimental investigation has been carried out on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine running with biodiesel under steady state conditions with a novel NOx reducing mechanism involving a water injections system. The experimental work has been conducted on a four-cylinder, fourstroke, direct injection (DI) as well as turbocharged diesel engine. In this investigation, biodiesel (produced from the rapeseed oil by transesterfication process) has been used.During the experiments the in-cylinder pressure, specific fuel consumption, water injection flow rate, fuel flow rate and exhaust emission (NOx, CO, CO 2 and THC) were measured. The experimental results clearly indicate that water injection at a rate of 3kg/h results in the reduction of NOx emission by about 50% without causing any significant change in the specific fuel consumption. Furthermore, the water injection in the intake manifold has little effect on the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of the CI engine under different operating conditions. 2

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“…The indirect impact of the automotive industry on the landscape is currently visible in the agricultural landscape. An increase of the biofuel content in fuels (Hammond et al, 2008) is reflected in the homogenization of growing crops. This can have a significant impact on the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services of territories (Bourke et al, 2014;Scheper et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted Development of the City of Nitra in Southwestern Slovakia Based on Land Cover-Land Use Changes and Socio-Economic Conditions

Haladová¹

2017

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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Haladová-Petrovič: Predicted development of the city of Nitra in southwestern Slovakia based on land cover-land use changes and socio-economic conditions - Abstract. The aim of this paper is to predict possible future development of the city of Nitra, southwestern Slovakia. We proposed three scenarios of possible further development of the city (negative, progressive and realistic) based on mapping and evaluation of land cover and land use changes in Nitra from 1949 to 2015. Also taking into account the socio-economic development of the city with an emphasis on the current state and recent changes. The SWOT analysis in three domains (social, economic, environmental) was prepared and used for scenario development as well. The spreading of a built-up area is a natural consequence of city development. It is connected with processes of urbanization and industrialization that are accompanied with loss of agricultural land. Changes caused by these processes are clearly visible in Nitra and also within its vicinity. The structure of land use development has varied over the years. At the beginning of the period studied, changes connected with agriculture production dominated, while presently, the changes that prevail are connected with urbanization and industrialization.

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Development of biofuels for the UK automotive market

Cited by 138 publications

References 10 publications

How should barriers to alternative fuels and vehicles be classified and potential policies to promote innovative technologies be evaluated?

How should barriers to alternative fuels and vehicles be classified and potential policies to promote innovative technologies be evaluated?

Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

Predicted Development of the City of Nitra in Southwestern Slovakia Based on Land Cover-Land Use Changes and Socio-Economic Conditions

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