Development of Bioactive Glass-Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid-Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

In this work, bioactive glass (BG) particles synthesized by a sol-gel method, hyaluronic acid (HYA) and collagen (COL) extracted from chicken eggshell membrane (ESM), and as-purchased polycaprolactone (PCL) were used to obtain a novel bioactive scaffold using the gel-pressing technique. Two composite mixtures in weight percent were obtained and identified as SCF-1 and SCF-2, and were characterized by using FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. Subsequently, the composite materials applied as coatings were evaluated in simulated body fluid solutions using electrochemical techniques. The results of bioactivity and biodegradability evaluations, carried out by immersing in simulated body fluid and phosphate-buffered saline solution, showed that the SCF-1 sample presented the best biocompatibility. In accordance with the potentiodynamic results, the 316L-SS and the SCF-1-coated SS showed a very similar corrosion potential (Ecorr), around −228 mV, and current density (icorr) values in close proximity, while the SCF-2-coated SS showed more positive Ecorr around −68 mV and lower icorr value in one order of magnitude. These results agree with those obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which show a corrosion mechanism governed by activation and finite diffusion through the porous layer. In addition, results were complemented by dynamic compression testing under oscillating forces to identify the developed scaffolds’ response under external forces, where the SCF-1 scaffold presented a maximum compression. The degradation resistance, bioactivity, and mechanically obtained measurements provided interesting results for potential further studies in tissue engineering.

Bioglass/collagen scaffolds combined with bone marrow stromal cells on bone healing in an experimental model in cranial defects in rats

“…8,9 Furthermore, COL also has a fundamental importance in attracting cells, supporting growth and proliferation. 15 Thus, the association of both materials has showed desirable properties to support cell growth.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] In addition, the inclusion of an organic material such as collagen (COL) to BG, constituting a biomimetic with a similar composition to bone tissue, has also demonstrated very promising results for bone tissue healing. [12][13][14][15][16] COL, mainly type I, is one of the key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vertebrates, with important mechanical and biological roles. 14,17 Furthermore, many authors evidenced the positive effects of BG/COL composites on the acceleration of bone formation and tissue healing in experimental models of bone defects in rats.…”

The chicken eggshell membrane: a versatile, sustainable, biological material for translational biomedical applications

“…The inner and outer layers of the ESM differ in their structural morphology and chemical composition. The outer membrane is mainly composed of type I collagen, meanwhile the inner membrane is predominantly composed of type V collagen in addition to type I collagen (Torres et al 2010, Mensah et al 2021, Zurita-Méndez et al 2022. Type X collagen is found in both the inner and outer membrane (Zurita-Méndez et al 2022).…”

“…The outer membrane is mainly composed of type I collagen, meanwhile the inner membrane is predominantly composed of type V collagen in addition to type I collagen (Torres et al 2010, Mensah et al 2021, Zurita-Méndez et al 2022. Type X collagen is found in both the inner and outer membrane (Zurita-Méndez et al 2022). In addition to the differences in the type of collagen present, the structural morphology also differs between the layers.…”

“…The chicken eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural biomaterial that has gained increasing attention in the biomedical field due to its unique properties, versatility, and sustainability (figure 1). It is a thin filmlike structure that lines the interior surface of the eggshell and separates the albumen from the shell (Torres et al 2010, Chai et al 2013, Park et al 2016, Baláž 2014, Chen, Kang and Sukigara 2014, Mensah et al 2021, Shi et al 2021, Zurita-Méndez et al 2022, Torres-Mansilla et al 2023. The ESM is composed of a complex matrix of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and minerals that confer it with remarkable biodegradability and biocompatibility (Park et al 2016, Ahmed et al 2019a, Torres-Mansilla et al 2023.…”