Development of Bi- and Tri-Layer Nanofibrous Membranes Based on the Sulfated Polysaccharide Carrageenan for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Periodontitis is a microbially-induced inflammation of the periodontium that is characterized by the destruction of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone and constitutes the principal cause of teeth loss in adults. Periodontal tissue regeneration can be achieved through guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) membranes that act as a physical barrier preventing epithelial infiltration and providing adequate time and space for PDL cells and osteoblasts to proliferate into the affected area. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, simulating the natural architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM), have attracted increasing attention in periodontal tissue engineering. Carrageenans are ideal candidates for the development of novel nanofibrous GTR/GBR membranes, since previous studies have highlighted the potential of carrageenans for bone regeneration by promoting the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. Herein, we report the development of bi- and tri-layer nanofibrous GTR/GBR membranes based on carrageenans and other biocompatible polymers for the regeneration of periodontal tissue. The fabricated membranes were morphologically characterized, and their thermal and mechanical properties were determined. Their periodontal tissue regeneration potential was investigated through the evaluation of cell attachment, biocompatibility, and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells seeded on the prepared membranes.

Healing Potential of the Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenan and Ulvan on Second Degree Burns

“…290kDa, and a sulfate content of 29.6% on a dry weight basis.The FT-IR spectrum of κ-carrageenan displayed characteristic absorption bands at 3369, 1224 and 1036 cm -1 attributed to the stretching vibrations of -OH, -S=O and C-O-C groups, respectively. The absorption bands at 928 cm -1 and 845 cm -1 indicated the presence of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose and D-galactose-4-sulphate, respectively [46,[51][52][53].…”

“…Due to their low cost, resemblance to native glycosaminoglycans, and significant biological activities (antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticoagulant, antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory), they are widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors [39,40,44,45]. Among them, κ-carrageenansexhibiting enhanced gelling properties, are considered a promising biopolymer for tissue regeneration and wound healing applications [10,44,46,47].…”