Development of austenitic nanostructures in high-nitrogen steel powders processed by mechanical alloying

Microstructural, thermal and magnetic properties of amorphous/nanocrystalline FeCrMnN alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent heat treatment

“…Based on the energy of the milling process and the thermodynamic properties of the constituent elements, the alloy can be rendered amorphous by this processing [11]. Nevertheless, the MA process has normally been performed under an inert gas atmosphere like argon; the processing under a reactive gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen has been employed to produce an amorphous phase [12][13][14][15][16] and nanocrystalline compounds [17][18][19][20][21] through the solid-gas reaction.…”

“…These alloys are a new class of engineering materials with superior mechanical properties and suitable corrosion resistance [21][22][23][24][25], which can, both, be improved significantly by the progression of an amorphous phase in the structure. For some potential applications, such as those of biomaterials, it is necessary to use a stainless steel alloy which has a negligible response to electromagnetic fields.…”

Microstructural characterization of medical-grade stainless steel powders prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing

“…The high thermal stability of these mechanically-alloyed powders against grain growth has been confirmed by TEM observations [13,14]. Typically, Cisneros et al [23] reported austenite grain sizes smaller than 70 nm for mechanically alloyed Fe-18Cr-11Mn-(0.27-2.47)N stainless steel nanostructures after annealing at 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200°C for 2 h. It is known that grain growth is strongly controlled by grain boundary diffusion and mobility. The factors affecting grain boundary mobility in nanostructured materials include grain boundary segregation, solute impurity, porosity, chemical ordering, and second phases.…”

Influence of Vanadium and Cast Temperature on Nitrogen Solubility of Stainless Steel

“…This problem during solidification has long been a major obstacle in the manufacturing of high nitrogen steel (HNS). To overcome the "solubility gap problem, " the nitrogen content of molten iron alloys can be increased beyond the solubility limit at atmospheric pressure by raising the nitrogen partial pressure, that is, melting under pressure using one of the following techniques: pressurized electroslag remelting furnaces (PESR), pressurized induction furnaces (counter pressure casting), plasma arc remelting furnaces (PAR), or arc slag remelting furnaces (ASR) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The first two are routinely used among HNS producers worldwide, whereas the last two have found limited applications.…”