Development of Arthritis, Periarthritis and Periostitis in Rats Given Adjuvants.

Objective. To investigate whether CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can induce or accelerate arthritis in rats.Methods. The CpG-induced response was studied by recording joint inflammation, cell activation in draining lymph nodes, and levels of the acute-phase reactant Conclusion. We demonstrated that injection with immunostimulatory CpG, both in phosphorothioatemodified and native forms, can induce a T celldependent joint-specific inflammation in LEW and LEW.1AV1 rat strains. This arthritis is preceded by signs of activation of the innate immune system. Since unmethylated CG dinucleotides are common in bacterial DNA but rare in mammalian DNA, our results indicate that exposure to bacterial DNA during infection may contribute to arthritis induction by amplifying the innate immune response.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs can induce T cell–dependent arthritis in rats

Svelander¹,

Harris²,

Lorentzen³

et al. 2004

“…Another extract of bee venom, adolapin (a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 11,500) was shown to have inhibitory effects on prostaglandin, thereby being effective as an analgesic in the "writhing" and Randall-Sellito's tests (23) and as an antiinflammatory agent in carrageenin and adjuvant models (24). Bee venom-derived peptide 401 is effective in suppressing rat paw edema in the carrageenin model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a partially purified fraction of an ant venom in rheumatoid arthritis

Altman

Schultz

Collins‐Yudiskas

et al. 1984

A partially purified extract of an ant venom from the South American tree ant Pseudomyrmex sp. was tested in a double-blind, controlled study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Venom treated patients demonstrated an improvement in global efficacy and a decrease in the number of tendedpainful joints and swollen joints. Swollen joint index improved in 60% of venom treated patients. Other parameters did not demonstrate significant change. Reduction of joint swelling was followed by symptomatic improvement that was sometimes delayed by weeks. Reactions were limited to erythema at the injection site (all patients), local pruritis (two-thirds of the patients), and fever with malaise (onethird of the patients). Further study of this venom in rheumatoid arthritis appears warranted in view of its apparent favorable efficacy-to-toxicity ratio.Some animal products have been thought to have special curative powers (1). In general, the use of venoms is recent (i.e., the past 200 years) (2). Viper venoms, particularly cobra, and honeybee venoms have been the most popular. Despite episodic empha-

“…AIA is initiated in Lewis rats by intradermal injection of CFA at the base of the tail (24,25). The genetic background of rats is important, in that both MHC and non-MHC genes contribute to their susceptibility to AIA (26).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Therapeutic Targets In Animal Models Of Arthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of therapeutic targets in animal models of arthritis: How does it relate to rheumatoid arthritis?

Bevaart¹,

Vervoordeldonk²,

Tak³

2010

229

193

There are accumulating data describing the association between diabetes and cancer mortality from Westernised populations. There are no data describing the relationship between diabetes and cancer mortality in African or South Asian populations from developing countries. We explored the relationship of abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes on cancer mortality risk in a large, multi‐ethnic cohort from the developing nation of Mauritius. Population‐based surveys were undertaken in 1987, 1992 and 1998. The 9559 participants comprised 66% of South Asian (Indian), 27% of African (Creole), and 7% of Chinese descent. Cox's proportional hazards model with time varying covariates was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for risk of cancer mortality, after adjustment for confounding factors. In men, but not women, cancer mortality risk increased with rising 2h‐PG levels with HR for the top versus bottom quintile of 2.77 (95%CI: 1.28 to 5.98). South Asian men with known diabetes had a significantly greater risk of cancer mortality than those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) HR: 2.74 (95%CI: 1.00‐7.56). Overall, impaired glucose tolerance was associated with an elevated risk of cancer mortality compared to NGT (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.98–2.19), though this was not significant. We have shown that the association between abnormal glucose tolerance and cancer extends to those of African and South Asian descent. These results highlight the importance of understanding this relationship in a global context to direct future health policy given the rapid increase in type 2 diabetes, especially in developing nations.