Development of Armed Forces Qualification Test and Predecessor Army Screening Tests, 1946-1950

Uhlaner, J. E.; Bolanovich, Daniel J.

doi:10.21236/ad0000191

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…General cognitive ability (GCA) was assessed using the 100-item multiple-choice Armed Forces Qualification Test (Uhlaner and Bolanovich, 1952). The test is highly correlated with other tests of GCA, such as Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (r=0.84) (Uhlaner and Bolanovich, 1952).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative fateful life events in midlife and advanced predicted brain aging

Hatton

Franz

Elman

et al. 2018

Neurobiology of Aging

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Negative fateful life events (FLEs) such as interpersonal conflict, death in the family, financial hardship, and serious medical emergencies can act as allostatic stressors that accelerate biological aging. However, the relationship between FLEs and neuroanatomical aging is not well understood. We examined 359 men (mean age 62 years) participating in the Vietnam Era twin study of aging (VETSA) to determine whether negative midlife FLEs are associated with advanced brain aging after controlling for physical, psychological, and lifestyle factors. At two different time points, participants were assessed for negative FLEs, health and well-being, general cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, depression, and ethnicity. Participants underwent a magnetic resonance imaging examination, and T1-weighted images were processed with FreeSurfer. Subsequent neuroanatomical measurements were entered into the Brain-Age Regression Analysis and Computation Utility software (BARACUS) to predict brain age. Having more midlife FLEs, particularly relating to interpersonal relationships, was associated with advanced predicted brain aging (i.e., higher predicted brain age relative to chronological age). This association remained after controlling for the significant covariates of alcohol consumption, cardiovascular risk, adult socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative fateful life events in midlife and advanced predicted brain aging

Hatton

Franz

Elman

et al. 2018

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…Participants took the same version of the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), a 100-item multiple-choice test of GCA, when inducted into the military at approximately age 20 and again as part of the study at age 62 ( Uhlaner & Bolanovich, 1952 ). This test is a reliable and valid measure of GCA ( Uhlaner & Bolanovich, 1952 ) and is highly correlated with other tests of GCA, such as Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ( r = 0.84) ( Lyons et al, 2009 ). Age 20 AFQT scores were obtained from military records by the VETR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators of the Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Late Midlife Cognitive Abilities: A Four Decade Longitudinal Study

Beck

Franz

Xian

et al. 2018

Innovation in Aging

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Background and Objectives Childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) is found to predict later-life cognitive abilities, yet the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the direct and indirect paths through which cSES influences late midlife cognitive outcomes. Research Design and Methods Participants were 1,009 male twins in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). At mean ages 20 and 62, participants completed a standardized test for general cognitive ability (GCA). The age 62 cognitive assessment also included in-person tests of processing speed, episodic memory, abstract reasoning, working memory, verbal fluency, visual-spatial ability, and executive functions. At mean age 56, participants were interviewed regarding their own and their parents’ education and occupation, and completed questionnaires about cognitive leisure activities and sociodemographic information. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the direct path effects and indirect path effects of cSES through age 20 GCA, adult SES, and cognitive leisure activities on seven cognitive outcomes at age 62, adjusting for age, ethnicity, and non-independence of observations. Results Total (direct plus indirect) effects were significant for all measures with the exception of executive functions. Men from lower cSES backgrounds had poorer cognitive functioning in late midlife. The direct effect of cSES was partially mediated for abstract reasoning, and was fully mediated for the remaining six cognitive outcomes. Total indirect effects accounted for at least half of the total effects in each model, with paths through age 20 GCA explaining most of the total indirect effects. Discussion and Implications cSES predicted cognitive functioning in late middle age Using multiple mediation models, we show that lower cSES predicts poorer cognition in late midlife primarily through young adult cognitive ability and to a lesser extent through SES in adulthood and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities.

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“…Items include the four domains of vocabulary, arithmetic word problems, knowledge and reasoning about tools and mechanical relations, and visual-spatial processing (Uhlaner & Bolanovich, 1952). The AFQT is highly correlated (~.85) with traditional measures of IQ or GCA in VETSA and in other samples (Lyons et al, 2009) and served as our measure of GCA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades.

Lyons¹,

Panizzon²,

Liu³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ~20, ~56, and ~62 years. The correlations among the three occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The heritability was significant on each of the three occasions and ranged from .59 to .66. The influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages. The genetic correlations across the three occasions ranged from .95 to .99 and did not differ significantly from 1.0. The nonshared environmental correlations ranged from .21 to .47. Latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42 year period. Slope was significantly different from 0 and indicated that there was modest change over time. There was a significant genetic influence on initial level of GCA (h2 = .67), but not change (h2 = .23). Genetic factors primarily contribute to stability, while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences. There was a significant negative correlation between initial level of GCA and change (r = −.31). Latent class growth analysis identified four trajectories. In general, the four groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in AFQT performance level at the time of military induction.

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Development of Armed Forces Qualification Test and Predecessor Army Screening Tests, 1946-1950

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Negative fateful life events in midlife and advanced predicted brain aging

Negative fateful life events in midlife and advanced predicted brain aging

Mediators of the Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Late Midlife Cognitive Abilities: A Four Decade Longitudinal Study

A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades.

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