Development of Antimicrobial Nitric Oxide-Releasing Fibers

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive gas molecule, exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Because of its reactive nature, it is challenging to store and deliver NO efficiently as a therapeutic agent. The objective of this study was to develop NO-releasing polymeric fibers (NO-fibers), as an effective delivery platform for NO. NO-fibers were fabricated with biopolymer solutions of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylcellulose (EC), and derivatives of N-diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) as NO donor molecules, using an electrospinning system. We evaluated in vitro NO release kinetics, along with antimicrobial effects and cytotoxicity in microorganisms and human cell culture models. We also studied the long-term stability of NONOates in NO-fibers over 12 months. We demonstrated that the NO-fibers could release NO over 24 h, and showed inhibition of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), without causing cytotoxicity in human cells. NO-fibers were able to store NONOates for over 12 months at room temperature. This study presents the development of NO-fibers, and the feasibility of NO-fibers to efficiently store and deliver NO, which can be further developed as a bandage.

Dual-Delivery Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogel with Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Brevilin A and Nitric Oxide for Wound Healing in Bacterial Infection

“…As a novel antimicrobial agent, nitric oxide (NO) is the subject of extensive research Gels 2024, 10, 219 2 of 18 due to its capacity to disperse and destroy bacterial biofilms directly, thereby preventing the emergence of drug resistance [9,10]. This is because the reaction of NO with oxygen generates reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNOS) spontaneously, which induces lipid peroxidation and oxidation in bacterial cells via DNA modification, enzyme inhibition, and nitrosative damage [11]. Substances that have been nitrosylated disrupt the functionality of critical proteins and cause bacterial cell death.…”

Biocompatible Hemostatic Sponge Exhibiting Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity

“…Despite the prevalence of various biomaterials that act as a hemostat, there still remains a concern regarding bacterial infections at the injury sites . Thus, enormous efforts are continued worldwide to develop various antimicrobial agents including small molecules, polymers, small molecular peptidomimetics, antimicrobial peptides, and quaternary ammonium derivatives to combat bacterial infections. − It is natural that pathogenic bacteria can also enter the bloodstream and create further complications at injury sites, often eventually leading to sepsis. During the warfare of Iraq and Afghanistan, an increasing number of Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial infections were reported in military facilities.…”

Editorial for Special Issue: “Additive Manufacturing Approaches to Produce Drug Delivery Systems”

“…In this regard, fibres and nanofibres for different purposes were developed in both cases using electrospinning. In the first case, nitric-oxide polymeric fibres were developed to promote an antimicrobial effect [7], and electrospun nanofibres were used as a skin substitute. This skin substitute is based on gelatin and chitosan fibres that not only mimic the skin ECM, but also potentially prevent infections by acting as a drug delivery system for a phlorotannins-enriched extract from Undaria pinnatifida [8].…”