Development of antimicrobial drug resistance in rectal Escherichia coli isolates from dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit

Ogeer-Gyles, Jennifer; Mathews, Karol A.; Sears, William; Prescott, John F.; Weese, J. Scott; Boerlin, Patrick

doi:10.2460/javma.229.5.694

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Results from the simulations done with randomized parameter values and subsequent regression analyses suggest that the model is consistent with previous reports that the incidence of both resistant and non-resistant strain colonization increases with increasing length of stay in the hospital [14], [15], [33]. As long as the number of patients already hospitalized is below the maximum capacity for the hospital, longer patient stays contribute to a higher number of hospitalized patients, leading to more interactions between patients, healthcare workers and transmission points.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It is well documented that antimicrobial use is associated with antibiotic resistance [6], [14], [33], [44], but our model indicates that giving an early effective antibiotic therapy has no significant impact on either reducing or increasing the incidence of antibiotic resistance. This might be a result of the relatively short average length of stay of the patients and shorter time available for antibiotic therapy completion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Published mathematical models for veterinary settings have been limited to deterministic approaches or regression analyses [32], [33]. While these models and similar human models are useful for predicting risk factors and evaluating intervention measures, they do not take animal movements within the hospital into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Individual-Based Model of Transmission of Resistant Bacteria in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

et al. 2014

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Veterinary nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria cause increased morbidity, higher cost and length of treatment and increased zoonotic risk because of the difficulty in treating them. In this study, an individual-based model was developed to investigate the effects of movements of canine patients among ten areas (transmission points) within a veterinary teaching hospital, and the effects of these movements on transmission of antibiotic susceptible and resistant pathogens. The model simulates contamination of transmission points, healthcare workers, and patients as well as the effects of decontamination of transmission points, disinfection of healthcare workers, and antibiotic treatments of canine patients. The model was parameterized using data obtained from hospital records, information obtained by interviews with hospital staff, and the published literature. The model suggested that transmission resulting from contact with healthcare workers was common, and that certain transmission points (housing wards, diagnostics room, and the intensive care unit) presented higher risk for transmission than others (lobby and surgery). Sensitivity analyses using a range of parameter values demonstrated that the risk of acquisition of colonization by resistant pathogens decreased with shorter patient hospital stays (P<0.0001), more frequent decontamination of transmission points and disinfection of healthcare workers (P<0.0001) and better compliance of healthcare workers with hygiene practices (P<0.0001). More frequent decontamination of heavily trafficked transmission points was especially effective at reducing transmission of the model pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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An Individual-Based Model of Transmission of Resistant Bacteria in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

et al. 2014

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“…The enrollment of several hospitals and clinics reduces the risk of overrepresentation of the resident house flora, including susceptibility patterns, of any individual care facility. It has previously been stated that, as referral hospitals are more likely to have a higher caseload of complicated cases in need of prolonged antimicrobial treatment, less susceptible isolates should be expected in samples originating from referral hospitals compared to smaller clinics [3,41-44]. Associations between antimicrobial treatment and isolating resistant bacteria from SSIs are beyond the scope of this study, and statistical assessments of trends was not possible due to too few resistant isolates originating from cases treated for longer than one day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among canine surgical wound infections in Sweden in relation to different risk factors

et al. 2015

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BackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is a common nosocomial infection in dogs and a growing concern in veterinary hospitals as an increase in multidrug-resistant pathogens is reported. Despite the need for rational and prudent antimicrobial use, few peer-reviewed and published veterinary studies have investigated the pathogenic growth including susceptibility patterns of the isolated pathogens in canine SSIs.The first objective of the present study was to estimate the distribution of bacterial pathogens in dogs with SSI and to investigate whether this was influenced by type of surgical procedure (clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty), duration of hospitalization, wound classification and depth of the infection, or antimicrobial treatment. The second objective was to assess susceptibility patterns to clinically relevant antimicrobials.During three years, four animal referral hospitals and three small animal clinics submitted bacterial swabs from canine SSIs for culture and susceptibility, together with a questionnaire completed by the attending clinician.ResultsApproximately two thirds of the in total 194 isolates were staphylococci. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most prevalent finding (46%) followed by beta haemolytic Streptococcus spp. (24%). No associations between distribution of the isolated pathogens and classification of the surgical procedure, duration of hospitalization or depth of the SSI were shown, with the exception of Escherichia coli isolates being significantly more often found in deep wound infections than in superficial skin infections.Overall the possibilities of finding first generations antimicrobials to treat the SSIs included in the study were favorable, as the isolated pathogens were mostly without acquired antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance was uncommon. There were only three cases of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius-infections (one percent of all isolates), one case of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli-infection, and no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.ConclusionsNone of the investigated factors were shown to influence the distribution of bacterial pathogens. The majority of SSIs were caused by staphylococci, and S. pseudintermedius was the most prevalent pathogen. Based on the study results, use of first-line antimicrobials prior to receiving culture and susceptibility results is a rational empirical antimicrobial therapy for the studied dog population.

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“…Oral treatment of dogs with cephalexin has been proposed as a selector of CMY-2-producing E. coli in their faecal microbiota (Damborg and others 2011). One study carried out in a veterinary ICU showed that the proportion of dogs carrying resistant E. coli increased with duration of hospitalisation and with the use of antimicrobial drugs (Ogeer-Gyles and others 2006). Our study is in agreement with the previous observations and even though hospitalisation in the last year did not influence the occurrence of ESBL- and pAmpC-producing E. coli , our analyses indicate that the use of antimicrobials in the last year was the major factor associated with ESBL- and pAmpC-producing E. coli .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for faecal colonisation with Escherichia coli producing extended‐spectrum and plasmid‐mediated AmpC β‐lactamases in dogs

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) Escherichia coli producers in dogs. A three-month cross-sectional study was conducted and 151 rectal swabs were obtained from healthy dogs. ESBL and pAmpC genes were detected by PCR and were sequenced. Logistic regression models were used to investigate risk factors for the carriage of ESBL and pAmpC-producing E. coli. About 15 per cent of the isolates carried ESBL genes (blaCTX-M-32 n=8, blaCTX-M-15 n=5, blaCTX-M-1 n=3, blaCTX-M-9-like n=4) and 20 per cent carried pAmpC genes (blaCMY-2 n=23, blaCMY-2-like n=2). Thirteen dogs carried an E. coli isolate with both an ESBL and a pAmpC gene. One E. coli isolate harboured the human blaDHA-1 pAmpC gene, which has not been previously reported in companion animals in Europe. Dogs with a history of antimicrobial therapy in the past year had a higher risk of being carriers of ESBL-producing (P=0.003, OR =7.85) and pAmpC-producing (P=0.005, OR=6.28) E. coli. Dogs from shelter/breeders were approximately three times more likely to have an ESBL- or a pAmpC-producing E. coli than dogs from private owners. Males have a reduced risk of carrying a pAmpC-producing E. coli than females (P=0.017, OR =0.28). The knowledge of potential risk factors may help to limit the impact of resistance through implementation of effective control measures and judicious antimicrobial therapy.

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Development of antimicrobial drug resistance in rectal Escherichia coli isolates from dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit

Cited by 44 publications

References 26 publications

An Individual-Based Model of Transmission of Resistant Bacteria in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

An Individual-Based Model of Transmission of Resistant Bacteria in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

The distribution of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among canine surgical wound infections in Sweden in relation to different risk factors

Risk factors for faecal colonisation with Escherichia coli producing extended‐spectrum and plasmid‐mediated AmpC β‐lactamases in dogs

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