Development of Animal Viruses and Rickettsiae in Ticks and Mites

Rehácek, J

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.10.010165.000245

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In contrast to mosquitoes which feed and digest the bloodmeal rapidly, ticks feed over a period of several days during which there may be considerable change in the virus titre in the blood. Consequently, it is more difficult to quantify threshold levels of viraemia for ticks with any accuracy although it is generally accepted that the probability of viral transmission to feeding ticks is directly proportional to the intensity of viraemia in the host [18,19]. Recently, however, Jones and colleagues [20] have shown transmission of Thogoto virus to uninfected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus which were co-fed with infected ticks on hosts in which viraemia was undetectable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether such transmission occurs with CCHF or the related Dugbe virus has not been conclusively established [7,22]. Threshold viraemias of between 102047 LD 50/ml have been reported for various tick species infected with Colorado tick fever, Russian spring-summer encephalitis and louping ill viruses [18,19,23]. In the only reported study to determine the threshold viraemia of CCHF virus, Zgurskaya and colleagues [24] established that larval H. m. marginatum fed on hares and rabbits became infected at viraemic titres of 104-4-5-3 LD 50/ml but not at titres of 102-4-3-8 LD 50/ml.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks

et al. 1991

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SUMMARYIn order to determine the way in which vertebrates infected with CrimeanCongo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus and potential ixodid tick vectors interact in nature, immature and adult ticks of several species were fed on viraemic mammals and then assayed for virus content at varying times after feeding. CCHF virus was not isolated from ticks of six species tested after feeding as adults and immature forms on sheep with viraemia of 102 -32 LD 50/ml, nor from larval ticks fed on guinea-pigs and white-tailed rats with viraemia of 1019-27 LD 50/ml. In contrast, virus was isolated from 10 of 152 pools of engorged adult ticks of 5 species that fed on cattle with viraemia of 101'-27 LD 50/ml and from 3 of 137 female ticks after oviposition. Infection was transmitted to larval and nymphal Hyalomma truncatum and H. marginatum rufipes, but not to Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, from a scrub hare with viraemia of 1042 LD 50/ml but only nymphal H. truncatum and H. m. rufipes became infected from scrub hares with viraemia of 102 6-2 7 LD 50/ml. Infection was transmitted trans-stadially in H. m. rufipes and H. truncatum infected as nymphae, and adult H. m. rufipes transmitted infection to a sheep. No evidence of transovarial transmission was found in larval progeny of ticks exposed to CCHF virus as adults on sheep and cattle or as immatures on scrub hares.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks

et al. 1991

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“…Threshold viremia levels of 10 2.0–4.7 50% lethal dose/mL have been reported as sufficient for the infection of ticks with Colorado tick fever virus, Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus, and louping ill virus ( 11 – 14 ). In our study, we detected viral RNA in all domesticated animal species examined, although the viral RNA copy numbers were low (<10 5 copies/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus among Domesticated Animals, China

Niu¹,

Li²,

Liang³

et al. 2013

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

214

202

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To investigate the infections of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in domesticated animals, we sampled a total of 3,039 animals in 2 counties in Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China, from April to November 2011. SFTSV-specific antibodies were detected in 328 (69.5%) of 472 sheep, 509 (60.5%) of 842 cattle, 136 (37.9%) of 359 dogs, 26 (3.1%) of 839 pigs, and 250 (47.4%) of 527 chickens. SFTSV RNA was detected in all sampled animal species, but the prevalence was low, ranging from 1.7% to 5.3%. A cohort study in 38 sheep was conducted to determine when seroconversion to SFTSV occured. SFTSVs were isolated from sheep, cattle, and dogs and shared >95% sequence homology with human isolates from the same disease-endemic regions. These findings demonstrate that natural infections of SFTSV occur in several domesticated animal hosts in disease-endemic areas and that the virus has a wide host range.

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“…There are two reasons that could explain these results. The first may be that the mites sectioned did not acquire sufficient DWV particles to initiate replication and infect tissues or organs, as suggested by Rehacek (1965), who stated that a minimum concentration of the agent is required for its further development in the vector.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization of deformed wing virus particles within the mite Varroa destructor

Santillán-Galicia

Carzaniga

Ball

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Deformed wing virus (DWV) induces wing deformation when bees are infected during their pupal development. Field observations and laboratory experiments suggest that the mite Varroa destructor is a vector of the virus. Moreover, it has been stated that DWV replicates within this mite. In order to understand the role of V. destructor in the transmission of DWV, the objective of this work was to locate the sites of retention and/or replication of DWV within the mite by immunohistochemistry. There was no evidence that DWV was replicating in the mite as no tissues showed specific antibody binding to DWV. Also, there were no specific structures that could be suggested as retention sites. DWV was found only in the midgut lumen of V. destructor in structures resembling large, dense spheres, which were presumably faecal pellets.

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Development of Animal Viruses and Rickettsiae in Ticks and Mites

Cited by 44 publications

References 48 publications

Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks

Viraemic transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus to ticks

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus among Domesticated Animals, China

Immunolocalization of deformed wing virus particles within the mite Varroa destructor

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