Development of an Intravascular Laser Treatment with an Infrared Free Electron Laser

Nakajima, Yoshikazu; Iwatsuki, Koichi; Ishii, Katsunori; Fujinaka, Toshiyuki; Awazu, Kunio; Yoshimine, Toshiki

doi:10.1177/15910199040100s109

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References 17 publications

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“…The Vanderbilt Mark-III free electron laser (FEL) operating at 6.45 µm in wavelength first demonstrated the ablation of soft tissue in a highly efficient manner with minimal collateral damage (<40 µm) in 1994 (Edwards et al 1994); however, the mechanism of this efficient ablation has not been fully understood to date. In the ten years since this landmark discovery, research has continued into the study of soft-tissue ablation at both 6.1 and 6.45 µm using the FEL for possible clinical applications, including eight human surgeries (Edwards et al 2002a, Coffey 2001, Edwards and Hutson 2003, Ellis et al 1999, Hill et al 1998, Hutson et al 2002a, Jansen et al 2003, Joos et al 1996, 2000, Mackanos et al 2003a, 2003b, 2005, Mawn et al 2004, Miyoshi et al 2002, Nakajima et al 2004, Ovelmen-Levitt et al 2003, Robbins et al 2003, Shen et al 1999, Uhlhorn et al 1999, Uhlhorn 2002, Auerhammer et al 1999, Fowler et al 1999, Jean and Bende 1994, Tribble et al 1997. The success of the Mark-III FEL for clinical applications has been limited, however, due to the large overhead and difficult implementation of a FEL as a clinical laser system.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of free-electron laser pulse structure on mid-infrared soft-tissue ablation: biological effects

et al. 2005

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Previous studies have shown that changing the pulse structure of the free electron laser (FEL) from 1 to 200 ps and thus reducing the peak irradiance of the micropulse by 200 times had little or no effect on both the ablation threshold radiant exposure and the ablated crater depth for a defined radiant exposure. This study focuses on the ablation mechanism at 6.1 and 6.45 microm with an emphasis on the role of the FEL pulse structure. Three different experiments were performed to gain insight into this mechanism. The first was an analysis of the ablation plume dynamics observed for a 1 ps micropulse compared with a 200 ps micropulse as seen through bright-field analysis. Negligible differences are seen in the size, but not the dynamics of ablation, as a result of this imaging. The second experiment was a histological analysis of corneal and dermal tissue to determine whether there is less thermal damage associated with one micropulse duration versus another. No significant difference was seen in the extent of thermal damage on either canine cornea or mouse dermis for the micropulse durations studied at either wavelength. The final set of experiments involved the use of mass spectrometry to determine whether amide bond breakage could occur in the proteins present in tissue as a result of direct absorptions of mid-infrared light into the amide I and amide II absorption bands. This analysis showed that there was no amide bond breakage due to irradiation at 6.45 microm on protein.

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