Abstract. In many flood-prone areas, it is essential for emergency responders to use
advanced computer models to assess flood risk and develop informed flood
evacuation plans. However, previous studies have had a limited understanding of
how evacuation performance is affected by the arrangement of evacuation
shelters (with respect to their number and geographical distribution) and human
behaviors (with respect to the heterogeneity of household evacuation preparation
times and route-searching strategies). In this study, we develop an
integrated socio-hydrological modeling framework that couples (1) a
hydrodynamic model for flood simulation, (2) an agent-based model for
evacuation management policies and human behaviors, and (3) a transportation
model for simulating household evacuation processes in a road network. We
apply the model to the Xiong'an New Area and examine household evacuation
outcomes for various shelter location plans and human behavior scenarios.
The results show that household evacuation processes are significantly
affected by the number and geographical distribution of evacuation shelters.
Surprisingly, we find that establishing more shelters may not improve
evacuation results if the shelters are not strategically located. We also
find that low heterogeneity in evacuation preparation times can result in
heavy traffic congestion and long evacuation clearance times. If each
household selects their own shortest route without considering the effects
of other evacuees' route choices, traffic congestion will likely occur,
thereby reducing system-level evacuation performance. These results
demonstrate the unique functionality of our model with respect to supporting flood risk
assessment and advancing our understanding of how multiple management and
behavioral factors jointly affect evacuation performance.