Development of an Infection Model for Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grapes Based on Wetness Duration and Temperature

Broome, Janet C.; English, James T.; Marois, James J.; Latorre, B. A.; Avilés, J Cruz

doi:10.1094/phyto-85-97

Cited by 120 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…The low prevalence (4%) of gray mold observed in non-treated Chardonnay grapes in the Casablanca Valley was likely due to heavy leaf removal performed near veraison. Leaf removal reduces bunch zone humidity and increases bunch exposure to sunlight radiation, which are factors known to decrease gray mold incidence (Broome et al, 1995;Latorre et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrated control strategies are suggested for gray mold, and crop cultural practices (e.g., leaf removal, cluster thinning, and vigor management) and chemical control are the most frequent sustainable plant control strategies used by farmers (Broome et al, 1995;Molitor et al, 2011). Chemical control strategies are primarily applied at flowering, beginning of berry touch (prebunch closure) and between veraison and harvest, which are critical grapevine growth periods of gray research paper…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of isofetamid, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, in the control of grapevine gray mold

2014

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Gray mold is an important disease in grapevines in Chile, and its control depends primarily on the use of fungicides with a single-site mode of action. Botrytis cinerea has a high risk of developing resistance against such fungicides. Therefore, novel chemical options are needed to achieve satisfactory control of gray mold. Isofetamid is a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide with a single-site of action that inhibits cellular respiration and appears to be a new option in the chemical treatment against gray mold. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of isofetamid in controlling grapevine gray mold in Chile. Field trials undertaken in three different commercial vineyards showed that isofetamid controls gray mold to a similar extent as fenhexamid. During 2012 and 2013, 10 B. cinerea isolates were obtained from commercial vineyards in central Chile to determine their sensitivity to isofetamid. The median inhibitory concentration of isofetamid varied between 0.3-10.0 µg mL -1 and 0.6 to >10 µg mL -1 for mycelium and conidia, respectively. The efficacy of isofetamid against B. cinerea in apple bioassays varied between 61-100% and 37.5-100% for mycelium and conidia, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that isofetamid is a highly effective fungicide against B. cinerea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of isofetamid, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, in the control of grapevine gray mold

2014

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“…It is widely accepted that microclimate conditions within the grape canopy, specifically temperature and humidity (relative humidity and free moisture), are key factors for B. cinerea infection (Broome et al, 1995;English et al, 1989;Nair and Allen, 1993;Steel et al, 2011;Thomas et al, 1988;Valdés-Gómez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 30 °C, conidia are not produced, and conidial germination is arrested. At optimal temperatures, germination occurs within 3 h. Numerous studies have demonstrated that free moisture is essential for conidial germination and berry infection (Broome et al, 1995;Ciliberti et al, 2015b;Coertze and Holz, 2002;Nair and Allen, 1993;Steel et al, 2011;Thomas et al, 1988).…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forecasting systems allow the reduction of unnecessary fungicide applications, restricting them to periods that are conducive to disease development. Models to predict conditions for B. cinerea infection in grapes, which are based on environmental conditions (Broome et al, 1995;González-Domínguez et. al., 2015;Kim et al, 2007;Nair and Allen, 1993;Shtienberg, 2004;Shtienberg and Elad, 1997) and inoculum concentration and their dynamics (Carisse et al, 2014;Fernández-González et al, 2012), have been developed and proposed to predict the risk of GM infection.…”

Section: Forecasting Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea limits grape production in Chile

2015

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by Botrytis cinerea is a major disease of grapes (Vitis vinifera) that substantially reduces the yield and quality of grape production in temperate and humid regions of the world. B. cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that attacks the non-lignified aerial organs of grapes; in particular, berries are highly susceptible during ripening. The polycyclic nature and exponential progress exhibited by GM at the beginning of the its epidemic, as well as the abundant inoculum production, the high dissemination efficiency, the wide host range and the high genetic variability of B. cinerea, explain the difficulties encountered in attempting to control GM. At present, integrated disease management, including cultural and chemical control, is the main control strategy. These control measures can be used to reduce the initial inoculum or to lower the disease infection rate. However, control measures that reduce the infection rate are the most effective means of controlling GM. Important progress toward understanding the complexity of the biology and epidemiology of this pathogen has occurred in recent decades. This has allowed the improvement and development of more effective and sustainable control strategies against B. cinerea. This review article provides a recent update regarding grape GM, with special emphasis on Chilean production conditions.

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Oxidative effects in uninfected tissue in leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) containing soft rots caused by Botrytis cinerea

Muckenschnabel¹,

Gronover

Deighton³

et al. 2003

J Sci Food Agric

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Several markers of oxidative processes have been measured in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris infected with Botrytis cinerea, with the specific objective of investigating changes induced by this necrotrophic pathogen in tissue remote from the lesion. There was a progressive decrease with time in the contents of ascorbic acid (AA) in apparently healthy tissues from infected plants and non-inoculated plants grown under identical high-humidity conditions (abiotically stressed controls), and for periods >48 h this decrease was greater in the infected plants. This decline in AA content was accompanied by an elevation in the intensity of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal from adducts of the spin trap α-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-t-butylnitrone (POBN), a destabilisation of the (monodehydro) ascorbate radical (Asc · ) signal in the presence of POBN, and an increase in the ratio of Asc · to AA in samples studied in the absence of the spin trap. These results are consistent with a shift in redox status to more oxidising conditions in apparently healthy tissue of infected plants and indicate the prevalence of chemical processes that are distinctly different from those in uninfected plants. However, no differences in lipid peroxidation products or the single-peak free radical and Fe(III) (g = 4.27) EPR signals were observed between these tissues distant from the lesions and those from abiotically stressed controls. In addition, the pathogen-derived sesquiterpene toxin botrydial and a second Mn(II) EPR signal, both of which are associated with Botrytis infection, were not detected in these 'apparently healthy' tissues.

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Development of an Infection Model for Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grapes Based on Wetness Duration and Temperature

Cited by 120 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of isofetamid, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, in the control of grapevine gray mold

Effectiveness of isofetamid, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, in the control of grapevine gray mold

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea limits grape production in Chile

Oxidative effects in uninfected tissue in leaves of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) containing soft rots caused by Botrytis cinerea

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