Development of an Indicator Film Based on Cassava Starch–Chitosan Incorporated with Red Dragon Fruit Peel Anthocyanin Extract

Abstract

The increase in new technology and consumer demand for healthy and safe food has led to the development of smart packaging to help consumers understand food conditions in real time. The incorporation of red dragon fruit peel anthocyanin into cassava starch and chitosan films was used in this study as a color indicator to monitor food conditions. This indicator film was generated using the solvent-casting method. The mechanical, morphological, and physicochemical characterizations of the film were studied, and food freshness monitoring was carried out. The results showed that adding red dragon fruit peel anthocyanin increased up to 94.44% of the antioxidant activity. It also improved its flexibility, indicated by the lowest tensile strength (3.89 ± 0.15 MPa) and Young’s modulus (0.14 ± 0.01 MPa) and the highest elongation at break (27.62 ± 0.57%). The indicator film was sensitive to pH, which was indicated by its color change from red to yellow as pH increased. The color of the film also changed when it was used to test the freshness of packaged shrimp at both room and chiller temperatures. According to the results, the indicator film based on cassava starch–chitosan incorporated with red dragon fruit peel anthocyanin showed its potential as a smart packaging material.

Dragon Fruit Peel Extract Enriched-Biocomposite Wrapping Film: Characterization and Application on Coconut Milk Candy

“…The addition of DPE considerably enhanced the color changes toward red. A similar red color trend was reported in the incorporation of dragon fruit peel extract into Cassava Starch–Chitosan [ 28 ] and κ-carrageenan-based pH-sensing films [ 69 ].…”

“…While the 2% DPE-enriched film sample exhibited phenol and betacyanin content. This incidence was attributed to the DPE [ 34 , 70 ] incorporation into the biocomposite film [ 28 , 69 ].…”

“…The protrusion and roughness spotted on the surface, and cross-sectional areas of the DPE-enriched film are possibly caused by the DPE incorporation, associated with the increase in thickness and decrease in WVP of the resulting 2% DPE-enriched biocomposite film compared to the 0% DPE (without DPE) film sample. An effect due to DPE incorporation on film morphology has also been exhibited in a pH-sensitive intelligent gelatin-based film [ 73 ] cassava starch–chitosan film [ 28 ]. In addition, the effect of substrate surface modification was observed in other natural active ingredients, such as cinnamaldehyde [ 74 ], and sugarcane purple rind extract [ 75 ], on the surface of carbon steel and steel, respectively.…”

“…As a safer alternative to its synthetic counterpart, incorporating a natural active ingredient or extract derived from agricultural materials and by-products into the biocomposite films, such as curcumin [ 14 , 20 ], nanocellulose [ 16 ], catechin-Kradon extract [ 26 ], mango peel extract [ 27 ], dragon fruit peel extract [ 28 ] or, when used as metal surface protection, Chinese yam peel extract [ 29 ] or purple passion fruit peel extract [ 30 ], seems to have become widely attractive. Among the agricultural by-products, dragon fruit peel is one of the natural sources of active ingredients.…”

Utilising N‐glutaryl chitosan‐based film with butterfly pea flower anthocyanin as a freshness indicator of chicken breast

“…2,[6][7][8] Intelligent packaging film indicator comprises synthetic or natural dye and a solid matrix. 4,9 Natural dyes in intelligent packaging, such as anthocyanin, are recently preferred because of their non-toxic properties. Anthocyanin is responsible for red, pink, purple, to blue colours in various types of fruit and flowers.…”