Development of an experimental model for assessing the effects of cigarette smoke and virus infections on inflammatory responses to bacterial antigens

Moscovis, Sophia M.; Hall, Sharron; Burns, Christine; Scott, Rodney J.; Blackwell, C. Caroline

doi:10.1177/1753425913503893

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Twenty-four sets of samples were examined, 12 from pregnancies with a female infant and 12 from pregnancies with a male infant. A Bio-Plex suspension array assay (Bio-Rad) was used to quantitate interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) (11). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Levels in Late Pregnancy: Are Female Infants Better Protected Against Inflammation?

et al. 2015

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Inflammatory responses have been implicated in several forms of infant deaths (sudden expected deaths and stillbirths) and the initiation of pre-term births. In this study, we examined matched samples of term maternal blood, cord blood, and amniotic fluid obtained from 24 elective cesarean deliveries for both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines thought to be important in maintaining a balanced response leading to successful pregnancy outcome. These included interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Amniotic fluid levels for each of the cytokines examined were significantly higher than those for cord blood or maternal plasma. While pro-inflammatory cytokines were higher in amniotic fluid associated with male fetuses compared with females, the major significant difference was higher levels of IL-1ra in amniotic fluid associated with female fetuses. Our study supports similar findings for cytokines during mid-trimester, which noted that amniotic fluid levels were higher than those in maternal blood. Our study suggests that maternal decidua secretes additional IL-ra in the presence of a female conceptus which improves the likelihood of a good outcome compared to pregnancies with male fetuses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Levels in Late Pregnancy: Are Female Infants Better Protected Against Inflammation?

et al. 2015

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“…Taking blood from young infants is not practical for most studies, so cell lines or adult leukocytes have been used to assess the effects of risk factors for SIDS on inflammation. In addition to controlling for confounding factors, it is important to use biologically relevant concentrations of substances to be assessed in the model system ( 85 ).…”

Section: In Vitro Studies Of Inflammation In Human Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-6 has been identified in the CSF of SIDS infants ( 18 ). We demonstrated a dose-dependent enhancement by IFN-γ of IL-6 elicited by LPS in a human cell line and human peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMC) ( 85 ). In addition, in a model system, IFN-γ has been demonstrated to reduce significantly the anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses elicited from human PBMC exposed to endotoxin (Moscovis et al, this volume).…”

Section: In Vitro Studies Of Inflammation In Human Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Deaths and Their Role in Inflammatory Responses to Infection

et al. 2015

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The risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) parallel those associated with susceptibility to or severity of infectious diseases. There is no evidence that a single infectious agent is associated with SIDS; the common thread appears to be induction of inflammatory responses to infections. In this review, interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors for SIDS are assessed in relation to the hypothesis that many infant deaths result from dysregulation of inflammatory responses to “minor” infections. Risk factors are assessed in relation to three important stages of infection: (1) bacterial colonization (frequency or density); (2) induction of temperature-dependent toxins; (3) induction or control of inflammatory responses. In this article, we review the interactions among risk factors for SIDS for their effects on induction or control of inflammatory responses. The risk factors studied are genetic factors (sex, cytokine gene polymorphisms among ethnic groups at high or low risk of SIDS); developmental stage (changes in cortisol and testosterone levels associated with 2- to 4-month age range); environmental factors (virus infection, exposure to cigarette smoke). These interactions help to explain differences in the incidences of SIDS observed between ethnic groups prior to public health campaigns to reduce these infant deaths.

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“…The study has been described previously (15). Our hypothesis was that risk factors we have found in vitro to contribute to the dysregulation of inflammatory responses (9, 16) might be more common in the Indigenous population, and that if present, the increase in inflammation might be associated with preterm birth and/or lower birth weight. Since our previous studies indicated that testosterone levels can affect pro-inflammatory responses (9), we assessed the effect of fetal sex on maternal inflammatory markers as fetal plasma testosterone is significantly higher in males (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Maternal Inflammation and Exposure to Cigarette Smoke on Birth Weight and Delivery of Preterm Babies in a Cohort of Indigenous Australian Women

et al. 2015

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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), neonatal deaths, and deaths from infection are higher among Indigenous Australians. This study aimed to determine the effects of inflammatory responses and exposure to cigarette smoke, two important factors associated with sudden death in infancy, on preterm birth, and birth weight in a cohort of Indigenous mothers. Indigenous Australian women (n = 131) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study while attending antenatal care clinics during pregnancy; blood samples were collected up to three times in pregnancy. Serum cotinine, indicating exposure to cigarette smoke, was detected in 50.4% of mothers. Compared with non-Indigenous women, the cohort had 10 times the prevalence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (33 vs. 3%). Levels of immunoglobulin G, antibodies to H. pylori, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all inversely correlated with gestational age (P < 0.05). CRP levels were positively associated with maternal body mass index (BMI; ρ = 0.449, P = 0.001). The effects of cigarette smoke (cotinine) and inflammation (CRP) were assessed in relation to risk factors for SIDS: gestational age at delivery and birth weight. Serum cotinine levels were negatively associated with birth weight (ρ = −0.37, P < 0.001), this correlation held true for both male (ρ = −0.39, P = 0.002) and female (ρ = −0.30, P = 0.017) infants. Cotinine was negatively associated with gestational age at delivery (ρ = −0.199, P = 0.023). When assessed by fetal sex, this was significant only for males (ρ = −0.327, P = 0.011). CRP was negatively associated with gestational age at delivery for female infants (ρ = −0.46, P < 0.001). In contrast, maternal BMI was significantly correlated with birth weight. These data highlight the importance of putting programs in place to reduce cigarette smoke exposure in pregnancy and to treat women with chronic infections such as H. pylori to improve pregnancy outcomes and decrease risk factors for sudden death in infancy.

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Development of an experimental model for assessing the effects of cigarette smoke and virus infections on inflammatory responses to bacterial antigens

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Cytokine Levels in Late Pregnancy: Are Female Infants Better Protected Against Inflammation?

Cytokine Levels in Late Pregnancy: Are Female Infants Better Protected Against Inflammation?

Exploring the Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Deaths and Their Role in Inflammatory Responses to Infection

Effects of Maternal Inflammation and Exposure to Cigarette Smoke on Birth Weight and Delivery of Preterm Babies in a Cohort of Indigenous Australian Women

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