Development of an Electroanalytical Method for the Quantification of Zearalenone (ZEA) in Maize Samples

Abstract

The application of electroanalytical techniques to detect and quantify zearalenone (ZEA) mycotoxin that frequently contaminates maize and foodstuff is studied in this work. Rice and maize grains were inoculated with Fusarium fungus to obtain ZEA in artificially infected samples. The electro-oxidation of ZEA adsorbed on the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes in 20% acetonitrile (ACN) þ 80% 1 M HClO 4 (aqueous solution) reaction medium was studied by using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Studies were conducted to find the most favorable accumulation potential (E acc ) and accumulation time (t acc ) to perform the ZEA preconcentration on the electrode surface. It was found that E acc was any value in the range from 0.00 -0.90 V and the best t acc was 120 s, respectively, for ZEA separated from extracting solution by TLC (ZEA TLC ) while E acc ¼ 0.90 V corresponded to ZEA in non separated matrix solution (ZEA matrix ). The ZEA quantitative determination was performed by SWV combined with the standard addition method. Linear plots were obtained from the net peak current (I p, n ) vs c* ZEA in the concentration range from 20 to 3184 ppb. Detection limit of 30 ppb at a signal to noise ratio of 3 : 1 was obtained. On the other hand, recovery experiments were performed on uncontaminated maize samples spiked with ZEA.