Development of an egg hatch assay for the diagnosis of triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica: Proof of concept

Comparing an in vivo egg reduction test and in vitro egg hatching assay for different anthelmintics against Fasciola species, in cattle

“…Accordingly, eggs of triclabendazole group showed lysis of the embryo and no further developmental stages such as morula, eye spot stage or egg containing miracidium were detected in this group. The same findings were recorded in susceptible Fasciola treated with triclabendazole (Fairweather et al, 2012).…”

“…The numbers of hatched, embryonated, and unembryonated eggs were counted. F. gigantica eggs and their developmental stages including the morula, eye spot stage or embryonated eggs and hatched eggs were identified as previously described (Fairweather et al, 2012;Robles-Pérez et al, 2014).…”

“…Absence of standard protocol for the determination of drug does not allow definite interpretation of the obtained results (Fairweather et al, 2012). In the in vivo tests, the fecal egg count reduction test (FERT) is based on reduction of the number of eggs in feces following anthelmintic treatment (Coles et al, 1992).…”

“…In the in vitro test, the egg hatch assay (EHA) has been developed to detect anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), and preliminary studies were carried out in F. hepatica (Álvarez et al, 2009;Fairweather et al, 2012;Robles-Pérez et al, 2014) where they compared the hatching rate of eggs taken from the gall bladder using various concentrations of triclabendazole, albendazole and their sulfoxide metabolites.…”

A comparative study on the impact of two artemisinin derivatives, artemether and artesunate, on the female reproductive system of Fasciola hepatica

“…The reader is referred to the review on fluke provenance by Fairweather (2011a) for details of in vivo efficacy trials and in vitro experiments carried out with the two isolates, the results of which demonstrate their resistance status. (See also more recent papers by Devine et al, 2011Devine et al, , 2012Fairweather et al, 2012;Meaney et al, 2013;Savage et al, 2013aSavage et al, ,b, 2014 At five months pi, 15 rats infected with the Sligo isolate were weighed individually and dosed orally with 200 mg/kg body weight artemether. The stock solution used comprised 1.0 g of artemether dissolved in 7% (v/v) Tween 80 and 3% (v/v) ethanol.…”