Development of an effective contemporary trivalent avian influenza vaccine against circulating H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 in Egypt

Gomaa, Mokhtar R.; Khalil, Alamgir; Kandeil, Ahmed; Sabir, Jamal S. M.; Kayed, Ahmed S.; Moatasim, Yassmin; saied, Marwa F El; El-Safty, Mounir M.; Kayali, Ghazi; Ali, Mohamed A.

doi:10.3382/ps/pez385

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These results are in line with the development of vaccines that use a combination between LPAI (H9N2) and HPAI (H5N1 and H5N8) in Egypt that can improve the humoral immune response and provide full protection against the H9N2, H5N1, and H5N8 viruses. The efficacy of this vaccine is considered able to reduce the cost of vaccination and is effective to use in the field [ 42 ]. In addition to vaccination, prevention strategies can be carried out by conducting routine surveillance to monitoring the evolution and presence of AI viruses in poultry as well as to anticipate the emergence of AI viruses that are more adaptable to humans and development of future vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Efficacy on the Novel Reassortant H9N2 Virus in Indonesia

2020

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Vaccination is one of the leading methods of controlling the spread of the Avian Influenza (AI) viruses in Indonesia. The variety of circulating viruses and their ability to mutate must be followed by updating the vaccine master seed used in the field. In this study, we identified the reassortant H9N2 viruses in chicken farms that showed significant problems in decreased egg production with high mortality. The reassortant H9N2 viruses derived the PB2 gene from the H5N1 virus. The pathogenicity test results of the reassortant virus showed various clinical signs of illness, a high mortality rate (10%), and decreased egg production down to 63.12% at two weeks post-infection. In a vaccine efficacy test, the vaccinated groups showed minimally decreased egg production that started to increase to more than 80% at 4–7 weeks post-challenge. Our study showed that inactivated bivalent and monovalent reassortant H9N2 vaccines can induce antibody response, reducing the mortality and virus shedding caused by reassortant H9N2 virus infection. The reassortant H9N2 virus is a threat that requires vigilance in poultry farms and the industry. The vaccines used in this study can be one of the options for control or prevention measures on farms infected with the reassortant H9N2 viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Efficacy on the Novel Reassortant H9N2 Virus in Indonesia

2020

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“…However, the large population sizes and long-distance migrations of wild birds could be limiting factors to effective surveillance. As shown in Figure 1 , certain criteria are considered in selecting a target sample population for surveillance, and these include: The population should have a history of AIV infection, the wild bird species should be one in which AIVs are prevalent, and the sample population should be one that is ecologically at risk of AI especially if environmental samples from their habitat are infected with AIVs [ 52 ].…”

Section: Surveillance Of Avian Influenza Viruses (Aivs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mismatch between the available vaccines and the AIV strain in circulation results in high mortality in the unprotected avian population [ 28 ]. To surmount this shortcoming, reverse vaccinology [ 91 ] and the development of multivalent vaccines were explored [ 52 ]. Gomaa et al [ 52 ] developed a trivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 AIVs.…”

Section: Prevention Of a Future Avian Influenza Panzooticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To surmount this shortcoming, reverse vaccinology [ 91 ] and the development of multivalent vaccines were explored [ 52 ]. Gomaa et al [ 52 ] developed a trivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 AIVs. Viral challenge with the H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 contemporary strains circulating in Egypt confirmed the protective efficacy of the vaccine in chickens [ 52 ].…”

Section: Prevention Of a Future Avian Influenza Panzooticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gomaa et al [ 52 ] developed a trivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 AIVs. Viral challenge with the H5N1, H5N8, and H9N2 contemporary strains circulating in Egypt confirmed the protective efficacy of the vaccine in chickens [ 52 ]. These multivalent vaccines, such as the aforementioned trivalent vaccine developed from AIVs circulating in Egypt, are very effective in conferring prophylaxis against their target strains of AIVs.…”

Section: Prevention Of a Future Avian Influenza Panzooticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virus-like Particle Vaccines: A Prospective Panacea Against an Avian Influenza Panzootic

Ninyio

Omar

et al. 2020

Vaccines

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Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and the lack of broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccines present imminent threats of a global panzootic. To prevent this, control measures that include effective AIV surveillance programmes, treatment regimens, and universal vaccines are being developed and analysed for their effectiveness. We reviewed the epidemiology of AIVs with regards to past avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in birds. The AIV surveillance programmes in wild and domestic birds, as well as their roles in AI control were also evaluated. We discussed the limitations of the currently used AI vaccines, which necessitated the development of a universal vaccine. We evaluated the current development of AI vaccines based upon virus-like particles (VLPs), particularly those displaying the matrix-2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide. Finally, we highlighted the prospects of these VLP vaccines as universal vaccines with the potential of preventing an AI panzootic.

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