“…Prolonged exposure to, or ingestion of, high concentrations of KMnO 4 can result in poisoning, leading to respiratory irritation, digestive system complications, and neurological damage. 7,8 In this context, the efficient detection of MnO 4 − has become increasingly significant, prompting the utilization of various analytical techniques for this objective, 9–12 while conventional detection methods have several drawbacks, such as the typical requirement for costly equipment and extensive sample preprocessing, leading to prolonged detection times and increased costs. These limitations in their application also render conventional detection methods unsuitable for meeting the demand for on-site rapid detection.…”