Development of an automated yeast-based spectrophotometric method for toxicity screening: Application to ionic liquids, GUMBOS, and deep eutectic solvents
“…Among the three different ionic groups studied in EB-GUMBOS, analysis of results from this method indicated an increasing range in toxicity from [N11116] > [P4444] > 16BAC EB-GUMBOS. Although hydrophobicity was not directly measured, this report highlights the potential tunable effects from cation-exchange on possible antimicrobial development for EB-GUMBOS [17].…”
Section: Rdms000868 15(4)2021mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…More recently, Azevedo [17] and coworkers have investigated automation-based toxicity assays to evaluate rapid processes for determining toxicity of ionic compounds with yeast viability [17]. In this work, these investigators employed spectrophotometric methods to determine toxicity of ionic materials: eleven ILs, three Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), and three selected erythrosine B-based GUMBOS (EB-GUMBOS).…”
Strategic development of ionic materials has long been of considerable interest to many researchers. For example, ionic liquid research has been extensively explored as alternative solvents to highly volatile and/or caustic traditional organic solvents. While these solvents have been classified as having a range of melting points (below 100 °C), many researchers have targeted relatively low melting point materials for their desired applications. Similar materials with higher melting points were often deemed inefficient and often discarded and declared useless. However, several groups have begun to explore the advantages of solid-phase ionic materials, known as a groups of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). Many advantages arise through implementation of these solid-state ILs analogues in different fields of research. These advantages include 1) maintaining ease of synthesis using IL chemistry, 2) exploring easy tunability of solid-state materials, and 3) providing researchers with ability to easily develop materials on the nanoscale. Herein, we provide an overview of advantages of using GUMBOS for materials research applications.
“…Among the three different ionic groups studied in EB-GUMBOS, analysis of results from this method indicated an increasing range in toxicity from [N11116] > [P4444] > 16BAC EB-GUMBOS. Although hydrophobicity was not directly measured, this report highlights the potential tunable effects from cation-exchange on possible antimicrobial development for EB-GUMBOS [17].…”
Section: Rdms000868 15(4)2021mentioning
confidence: 94%
“…More recently, Azevedo [17] and coworkers have investigated automation-based toxicity assays to evaluate rapid processes for determining toxicity of ionic compounds with yeast viability [17]. In this work, these investigators employed spectrophotometric methods to determine toxicity of ionic materials: eleven ILs, three Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES), and three selected erythrosine B-based GUMBOS (EB-GUMBOS).…”
Strategic development of ionic materials has long been of considerable interest to many researchers. For example, ionic liquid research has been extensively explored as alternative solvents to highly volatile and/or caustic traditional organic solvents. While these solvents have been classified as having a range of melting points (below 100 °C), many researchers have targeted relatively low melting point materials for their desired applications. Similar materials with higher melting points were often deemed inefficient and often discarded and declared useless. However, several groups have begun to explore the advantages of solid-phase ionic materials, known as a groups of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). Many advantages arise through implementation of these solid-state ILs analogues in different fields of research. These advantages include 1) maintaining ease of synthesis using IL chemistry, 2) exploring easy tunability of solid-state materials, and 3) providing researchers with ability to easily develop materials on the nanoscale. Herein, we provide an overview of advantages of using GUMBOS for materials research applications.
“…Unfortunately, we did not achieve the instrumentation. However, in 2021, Azevedo et al developed an automated S. cerevisiae-based spectrophotometric instrument using methylene blue (MB) dye as a RCI, although this instrument was not for BOD measurement, but also possible to measure BOD [86]. The instrument consists of a sequential injection analysis (SIA) flow system, which enables high throughput measurements with small quantities of reagent consumption.…”
Section: Subsequent Development Of Bod Biosensors and A New Insight I...mentioning
This chapter summarizes the developmental studies on environmental biosensors of enzymatic phosphate ion (Pi) biosensors for eutrophication and microbial biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensors for organic pollution. In particular, an author focuses on the developmental studies that the author principally conducted, and describe the history and the insights into the future of these fields of environmental biosensors. In our developmental studies on the enzymatic Pi biosensors, we fabricated automatic instruments of a desktop-type and a submersible buoy-type, which was fabricated for remote biosensing of dam water. These instruments employed a luminol-chemiluminescence flow injection analysis (CL-FIA) system and enabled to have practical performances in precise Pi determination, operational stability, and accurate bioavailable Pi measurements. In the microbial BOD biosensor development, the author considered to apply the FIA concept enabling highly repeatable measurements to absorptiometric BOD measurements. Both precise temperature control and accurate time control to incubate measurement mixture of budding yeast cell suspension containing redox color indicator and sample enabled to obtain the highly repeatable results that led to highly sensitive BOD measurements. Looking back on our developmental studies, what the author was thinking at the time and the results obtained are described. Finally, the author discusses the developmental trends of these biosensor fields and new insights into the future perspectives.
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