Development of an Artificial White Spot Lesion Creation Protocol: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Background and objectives: Protocols that determine the lesion depth of specific demineralization solutions are lacking. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate various lesion depths of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) at different exposure times.Materials and methods: Artificial WSLs were created by placing 30 extracted human premolar teeth into 0.05M acetate buffer solution with a controlled environment of pH 4.4 at 37ºC, which were then exposed in the solution for various durations of 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days. The specimens were visually examined using the Ekstrand-Ricketts-Kidd (ERK) system to confirm the WSL, followed by buccolingual sectioning, and evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure the lesion depth.Results: The SEM showed that the mean lesion depths of representative specimens were 101.33 µm (day 4), 124 µm (day 5), 159 µm (day 6), 187 µm (day 8), 202 µm (day 10), and 212 µm (day 12). The artificial WSL was visually demonstrated in grades 1 and 2 of the ERK system.Conclusions: The depths of the lesions increased as the duration increased from day 4 to day 12, indicating that the lesion depths increased with the more prolonged exposure to the acetate buffer solution.