Development of an Analytical Procedure for Weathered Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils within a UK Risk-Based Framework

Abstract

A sequential ultrasonic extraction method for contaminated soils with weathered hydrocarbons is presented. The method covers the determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons between nC 8 and nC 40, and subranges of hydrocarbons including diesel range organic compounds, kerosene range organic compounds, and mineral oil range organic compounds in soils. Further modifications to the carbon banding may be made as requested for risk assessment. These include a series of ranges known as Texas banding (from the Texas Risk Reduction Program) as well as separation of the aliphatic and aromatic fractions. The method can be routinely used for measuring hydrocarbons down to 10 mg kg (-1) in soil. Lower limits can be achieved by employing a suitable solvent concentration step following extraction; however, this would result in increased cycle time. Detection limits may vary for individual carbon ranges calculated on the percentage of the full range they cover. With an extraction efficiency and recovery between >or=95 and 99%, this method can be easily positioned as a good alternative to Soxhlet extraction and shows a good potential for implementation as a standard method potentially providing further insight to the contaminated land sector.

Sensitivity and Antioxidant Response of Chlorella sp. MM3 to Used Engine Oil and Its Water Accommodated Fraction

“…The total run time was 19.6 min. Hydrocarbons were quantified using Agilent Chemstation Software by integration (Santa Barbara, CA USA) and calibration of peaks of known concentrations (Risdon et al 2008). The recovery following continuing calibration verification (CCV) at the start and end of every 10 samples was 95 %-110 % of the true value.…”

Comparisons of Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Simultaneous Distillation-Solvent Extraction, Soxhlet Extraction and Ultrasound Probe for Polycyclic Musks in Sediments: Recovery, Repeatability, Matrix Effects and Bioavailability

“…The probe was a powerful system for the solidliquid extraction and also degraded the analytes, which led to a lower recovery at 10 min. Compared with the previous literature on ultrasonic bath [25,27], this study with UP had perfect recovery and repeatability, because UP focused energy on a localized sample zone. Furthermore, we compared the results from ultrasonic bath, titanium UP, and glass UP.…”

“…The recovery for dichloromethane was similar to that for acetone, which was significantly higher than the recovery for n-hexane. The water-immiscible solvent extracts organic compounds with similar polarities, and the non-polar solvent, such as n-hexane, was often used for musks [25,26]. Dichloromethane and acetone as polar solvents not only dissolve musks, but also have excellent mass transfer.…”

Evaluation of constraints in bioremediation of weathered hydrocarbon-contaminated arid soils through microcosm biopile study

“…The sequential ultrasonic solvent extraction method (Risdon et al 2008) was used to extract TPH compounds from the soil samples. Quantification of TPH concentration was carried out using a gas chromatograph fitted with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID, Agilent 6890).…”

“…Hydrocarbons were quantified using Agilent ChemStation Software by integration and calibration of peaks of a known concentration of an external calibration standardHydrocarbon Window Defining Standard (C 8 -C 40 ) from AccuStandard Ò (Risdon et al 2008). Five concentrations of external calibration standard in the range expected in the samples were analysed; a linear curve fit with a R 2 value of 0.997 was obtained.…”