Development of an Advanced Deformable Phantom to Analyze Dose Differences due to Respiratory Motion

Shin, Dongseok; Kang, Sung Hak; Kim, Dong–Su; Kim, Sang Woo; Kim, Kyeong-Hyeon; Koo, Hyun-Jae; Cho, Min Seok; Ha, Jeonghoon; Yoon, Do-Kun; Suh, Tae Suk

doi:10.14316/pmp.2017.28.1.1

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(g)(i)]. Finally, the lung/airways phantom was integrated into our previously developed motion platform (Fig. ), which can compress and decompress the phantom in the superior–inferior (SI) direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the breathing trace can be obtained using the monitoring devices attached to our motion platform. More details of the motion platform can be found in our previous study …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the infusion, the lung/airways phantom was allowed to naturally dry. This phantom was then integrated into our previously developed motion platform (Fig. ), which can compress and decompress the phantom through a diaphragm motion ranging from 1–7 cm (at a 1 cm interval) in the SI direction with regular breathing patterns at various periods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a deformable lung phantom with 3D‐printed flexible airways

et al. 2020

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Purpose Deformable lung phantoms have been proposed to investigate four‐dimensional (4D) imaging and radiotherapy delivery techniques. However, most phantoms mimic only the lung and tumor without pulmonary airways. The purpose of this study was to develop a reproducible, deformable lung phantom with three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed airways. Methods The phantom consists of: (a) 3D‐printed flexible airways, (b) flexible polyurethane foam infused with iodinated contrast agents, and (c) a motion platform. The airways were simulated using publicly available breath‐hold computed tomography (CT) image datasets of a human lung through airway segmentation, computer‐aided design modeling, and 3D printing with a rubber‐like material. The lung was simulated by pouring liquid expanding foam into a mold with the 3D‐printed airways attached. Iodinated contrast agents were infused into the lung phantom to emulate the density of the human lung. The lung/airways phantom was integrated into our previously developed motion platform, which allows for compression and decompression of the phantom in the superior–inferior direction. We quantified the reproducibility of the density (lung), motion/deformation (lung and airways), and position (airways) using breath‐hold CT scans (with the phantom compressed and decompressed) repeated every two weeks over a 2‐month period as well as 4D CT scans (with the phantom continuously compressed and decompressed) repeated twice over four weeks. The density reproducibility was quantified with a difference image (created by subtracting the rigidly registered baseline and the repeated images) in each of the compressed and decompressed states. Reproducibility of the motion/deformation was evaluated by comparing the baseline displacement vector fields (DVFs) derived from deformable image registration (DIR) between the compressed and decompressed phantom CT images with those of repeated scans and calculating the difference in the displacement vectors. Reproducibility of the airway position was quantified based on DIR between the baseline and repeated images. Results For the breath‐hold CT scans, the mean difference in lung density between baseline and week 8 was −1.3 (standard deviation 33.5) Hounsfield unit (HU) in the compressed state and 0.4 (36.8) HU in the decompressed state, while large local differences were observed around the high‐contrast structures (caused by small misalignments). By visual inspection, the DVFs (between the compressed and decompressed states) at baseline and last time point (week 8 for the breath‐hold CT scans) demonstrated a similar pattern. The mean lengths of displacement vector differences between baseline and week 8 were 0.5 (0.4) mm for the lung and 0.3 (0.2) mm for the airways. The mean airway displacements between baseline and week 8 were 0.6 (0.5) mm in the compressed state and 0.6 (0.4) mm in the decompressed state. We also observed similar results for the 4D CT scans (week 0 vs week 4) as well as for the breath‐hold CT scans at other time points (week 0 vs weeks 2, 4, a...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the breathing trace can be obtained using the monitoring devices attached to our motion platform. More details of the motion platform can be found in our previous study …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a deformable lung phantom with 3D‐printed flexible airways

et al. 2020

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“…Although the early versions of the device served for calibration activities, successive versions were employed to analyze dose differences during respiratory motion [74]. In this case, tumors were cast with silicone rubber (Liquid silicone RTV-S3, Korea), and an acrylic plate replicated the functionality of the diaphragm.…”

Section: Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft robotics for physical simulators, artificial organs and implantable assistive devices

et al. 2023

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In recent years, soft robotics technologies enabled the development of a new generation of biomedical devices. The combination of elastomeric materials with tunable properties and muscle-like motions paved the way toward more realistic phantoms and innovative soft active implants as artificial organs or assistive mechanisms. This review collects the most relevant studies in the field, giving some insights about their distribution in the past ten years, and their level of development, and opening a discussion about the most commonly employed materials and actuating technologies. The reported results show some promising trends, highlighting that the soft robotics approach can help replicate specific material characteristics, in the case of static or passive organs, but also reproduce peculiar natural motion patterns for the realization of dynamic phantoms or implants. At the same time, some important challenges still need to be addressed. However, by joining forces with other research fields and disciplines, it will be possible to get one step closer to the development of complex, active, self-sensing and deformable structures able to replicate as closely as possible the typical properties and functionalities of our natural body organs.

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“…The use of the silicon can improve motor efficiency and minimize metal use to avoid metal artifacts on CT-scan [45]. Other research groups have also modeled a deformable lung phantom using silicon or latex balloon filled with dampened natural sponge to emulate lung with moving internal targets embedded in cylindrical bodies [46,47]. These phantoms can be used to quantitatively analyze the effect of respiratory motion on 4D radiotherapy.…”

Section: Handcrafted Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in anthropomorphic thorax phantoms for radiotherapy: a review

Tajik¹,

Akhlaqi²,

Gholami³

2022

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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A phantom is a highly specialized device, which mimic human body, or a part of it. There are three categories of phantoms: physical phantoms, physiological phantoms, and computational phantoms. The phantoms have been utilized in medical imaging and radiotherapy for numerous applications. In radiotherapy, the phantoms may be used for various applications such as quality assurance (QA), dosimetry, end-to-end testing, etc. In thoracic radiotherapy, unique QA problems including tumor motion, thorax deformation, and heterogeneities in the beam path have complicated the delivery of dose to both tumor and organ at risks (OARs). Also, respiratory motion is a major challenge in radiotherapy of thoracic malignancies, which can be resulted in the discrepancies between the planned and delivered doses to cancerous tissue. Hence, the overall treatment procedure needs to be verified. Anthropomorphic thorax phantoms, which are made of human tissue-mimicking materials, can be utilized to obtain the ground truth to validate these processes. Accordingly, research into new anthropomorphic thorax phantoms has accelerated. Therefore, the review is intended to summarize the current status of the commercially available and in-house-built anthropomorphic physical/physiological thorax phantoms in radiotherapy. The main focus is on anthropomorphic, deformable thorax motion phantoms. This review also discusses the applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for the fabrication of thorax phantoms.

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Development of an Advanced Deformable Phantom to Analyze Dose Differences due to Respiratory Motion

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Development of a deformable lung phantom with 3D‐printed flexible airways

Development of a deformable lung phantom with 3D‐printed flexible airways

Soft robotics for physical simulators, artificial organs and implantable assistive devices

Advances in anthropomorphic thorax phantoms for radiotherapy: a review

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