Development of Alditol Acetate Derivatives for the Determination of <sup>15</sup>N-Enriched Amino Sugars by Gas Chromatography–Combustion–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Reay, Michaela; Knowles, Tim; Jones, Davey L.; Evershed, Richard P.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04838

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(199 reference statements)

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“…The hydrolysates were desalted using DDW and the total hydrolysable AS (THAS) eluted using 2 M HCl. This was followed by conversion of the AS to their alditol acetate derivatives (method adapted from Whiton et al (1985) and described in detail in Reay et al (2019)…”

Section: Amino Sugar Extraction and Derivatisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AS were quantified as their alditol acetate derivatives by comparison to the IS (myoinositol) using gas chromatography (GC) as described in Reay et al (2019). An Agilent Technologies 7890B GC (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) fitted with a VF-23ms column (60 m x 0.32 mm i.d., 0.15 µm film thickness; Agilent Technologies Inc.) and a flame ionisation detector (FID) was employed for quantification by comparison with the IS.…”

Section: Gc-fid Analyses Of Amino Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herein, we report the use of our recently developed GC-C-IRMS method for the analysis of 15 N-enriched AS (as alditol acetate derivatives) in a 15 N-SIP investigation of the dynamics of N fertiliser assimilation by soil microorganisms (Reay et al, 2019). Due to their greater source specificity compared to AA, it will be possible to relate N-assimilation dynamics of individual AS to the role of bacteria and fungi in N-fertiliser processing within the soil ON pool.…”

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confidence: 99%

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15N-amino sugar stable isotope probing (15N-SIP) to trace the assimilation of fertiliser-N by soil bacterial and fungal communities

Reay

Charteris

Jones

et al. 2019

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Although amino sugars represent a major component of soil organic nitrogen (ON), the assimilation of nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) into amino sugars (AS) by soil bacteria and fungi represents a neglected aspect of the global N cycle. A deeper knowledge of AS responses to N fertiliser addition may help enhance N use efficiency (NUE) within agricultural systems. Our aim was to extend a sensitive compound-specific 15 N-stable isotope probing (SIP) approach developed for amino acids to investigate the immobilization of inorganic N into a range of amino sugars (muramic acid, glucosamine, galactosamine, mannosamine). Laboratory incubations using 15 N-ammonium and 15 N-nitrate applied at agriculturally relevant rates (190 and 100 kg N ha −1 for 15 NH4 + and 15 NO3 − , respectively) were carried out to obtain quantitative measures of N-assimilation into the AS pool of a grassland soil over a 32-d period. Using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) we found that δ 15 N values for individual AS reflected differences in routing of the applied ammonium and nitrate. The contrasting N-assimilation dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities were demonstrated through determinations of percentage 15 N incorporation into diagnostic AS. Nassimilation dynamics of the bacterial community were altered with the applied substrate whilst fungal N-assimilation dynamics were unaffected. Rates and fluxes of the applied N-substrates into the bacterial AS pool reflected known biosynthetic pathways for AS, with fungal glucosamine appearing to be biosynthetically further from the applied substrates than bacterial glucosamine due to different turnover rates. This sensitive and specific compound-specific 15 N-SIP approach using AS, building on existing approaches with amino acids (AA), enables differentiation of N-assimilation dynamics within the microbial community and assessment of microbial NUE with agriculturally relevant fertilisation rates.

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Section: Amino Sugar Extraction and Derivatisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gc-fid Analyses Of Amino Sugarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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15N-amino sugar stable isotope probing (15N-SIP) to trace the assimilation of fertiliser-N by soil bacterial and fungal communities

Reay

Charteris

Jones

et al. 2019

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…It is difficult to establish the correlation between living microbial biomass and long-term SOC sequestration [17] or to directly measure C that is bound in microbial residues. Alternatively, amino sugars, which are important microbial residue biomarkers in soil [18,19], can represent the legacy of microbial-derived constituents and be used to estimate the contribution of dead microbial cells to soil organic C pools [20,21]. Glucosamine (GluN), muramic acid (MurA), galactosamine (GalN), and mannosamine (ManN) are the most important amino sugars in soils [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Natural Evergreen Broadleaved Forests Decreases Soil Organic Carbon but Increases the Relative Contribution of Microbial Residue in Subtropical China

Yang

Chen

et al. 2019

Forests

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It has been recognized that land use change affects soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and the associated microbial turnover. However, the contribution of microbial residue to SOC storage remains largely unknown in land use change processes. To this end, we adopted a “space for time” approach to examine the dynamics of SOC and amino sugars, which was a biomarker of microbial residue C, in different natural forest conversions. Three typical converted forests were selected: an assisted natural regeneration (ANR) and two coniferous plantations of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook (Chinese fir) and Pinus massoniana Lamb. (pine) each. All of these were developed at the same time after the harvest of an old natural forest and they were used to evaluate the effects of forest conversions with contrasting anthropogenic disturbance on SOC and microbial residue C, along with the natural forest. Natural forest conversion led to an approximately 42% decrease in SOC for ANR with low anthropogenic disturbance, 60% for the Chinese fir plantation, and 64% for the pine plantation. In contrast, the natural forest conversion led to a 32% decrease in the total amino sugars (TAS) for ANR, 43% for the Chinese fir plantation, and 54% for the pine plantation at a soil depth of 0–10 cm. The ratios of TAS to SOC were significantly increased following natural forest conversion, with the highest ratio being observed in the Chinese fir plantation, whereas the ratios of glucosamine to muramic acid (GluN/MurA) were significantly decreased in the two plantations, but not in ANR. The contents of SOC, individual amino sugar, or TAS, and GluN/MurA ratios were consistently higher at a soil depth of 0–10 cm than at 10–20 cm for all of the experimental forests. Redundancy analysis showed that microbial residue C was significantly correlated with SOC, and both were positively correlated with fine root biomass, annual litterfall, and soil available phosphorus. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that microbial residue C accumulation varied with SOC and litter input, and played a more important role in SOC storage following forest conversion to plantations with higher anthropogenic disturbance.

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“…Based on the microbial source specificity of amino sugars (AS) (Parsons, 1981;Zhang and Amelung, 1996;Amelung, 2001), amino sugar-based stable isotope probing ( 15 N-AS-SIP) has been developed to disentangle the immobilization processes of inorganic N by fungi and bacteria in soil (He et al, 2006;Liang and Balser, 2010;He et al, 2011a;He et al, 2011b;Reay et al, 2019a;Reay et al, 2019b). This approach was recently extended to indicate the inorganic N immobilization rates of fungal and bacterial communities in soils (Li et al, 2019).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of fungal and bacterial inorganic nitrogen immobilization rates in soil

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractMicrobial inorganic nitrogen (N) immobilization is an important mechanism in the retention of N in soils. However, as a result of the high diversity and complexity of soil microorganisms, there is still no effective approach to measuring the respective immobilization rates of inorganic N by fungi and bacteria, which are the two dominant microbial communities in soils. We propose a mathematical framework, combining the experimentally measurable gross inorganic N immobilization rate and proxies for fungal and bacterial inorganic N immobilization rates, to quantify the respective immobilization rates of inorganic N by fungal and bacterial communities in soil. Our approach will help to unravel the mechanisms of N retention in soils.

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Development of Alditol Acetate Derivatives for the Determination of ¹⁵N-Enriched Amino Sugars by Gas Chromatography–Combustion–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: Development of alditol acetate derivatives for the determination of 15 Nenriched amino sugars by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

15N-amino sugar stable isotope probing (15N-SIP) to trace the assimilation of fertiliser-N by soil bacterial and fungal communities

15N-amino sugar stable isotope probing (15N-SIP) to trace the assimilation of fertiliser-N by soil bacterial and fungal communities

Conversion of Natural Evergreen Broadleaved Forests Decreases Soil Organic Carbon but Increases the Relative Contribution of Microbial Residue in Subtropical China

Calculation of fungal and bacterial inorganic nitrogen immobilization rates in soil

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Development of Alditol Acetate Derivatives for the Determination of 15N-Enriched Amino Sugars by Gas Chromatography–Combustion–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: Development of alditol acetate derivatives for the determination of 15 Nenriched amino sugars by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

15N-amino sugar stable isotope probing (15N-SIP) to trace the assimilation of fertiliser-N by soil bacterial and fungal communities

15N-amino sugar stable isotope probing (15N-SIP) to trace the assimilation of fertiliser-N by soil bacterial and fungal communities

Conversion of Natural Evergreen Broadleaved Forests Decreases Soil Organic Carbon but Increases the Relative Contribution of Microbial Residue in Subtropical China

Calculation of fungal and bacterial inorganic nitrogen immobilization rates in soil

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Development of Alditol Acetate Derivatives for the Determination of ¹⁵N-Enriched Amino Sugars by Gas Chromatography–Combustion–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry