Development of alcohol expectancies and early alcohol use in children and adolescents: A systematic review

Smit, Koen; Hiemstra, Marieke; Kleinjan, Marloes; Otten, Roy; Kuntsche, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.02.002

Cited by 83 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…Alcohol expectancies (AE) are defined as the anticipated positive or negative effects of consuming alcohol (Jones et al., ). Evidence suggests that AE develop years before the first alcohol consumption (Jester et al., ; Kuntsche, ; Voogt et al., ) and that they are important determinants of alcohol‐related behavior later on (Campbell and Oei, ; Donovan, ; Smit et al., ). To illustrate, 1 longitudinal study found that positive AE among 6‐ to 8‐year‐olds predicted alcohol initiation and binge drinking (i.e., drinking 5 or more glasses of standard alcohol units on 1 drinking occasion [Wechsler and Nelson, ]) even 9 years later (Jester et al., ).…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is crucial to gain further insight about what shapes AE in childhood and in early adolescence. Since parents are the primary socialization agents up to adolescence (Steinberg, ), the acquisition of AE has been repeatedly found to depend on factors such as parental drinking (Campbell and Oei, ; Smit et al., ). However, the role of parental drinking in the vision of their offspring and its influence on AE remain unclear.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When children grow into adolescence, they develop stronger positive AE and weaker negative AE (Jones and Gordon, ; Smit et al., ). It is evident that positive AE are more consistent predictors of alcohol use initiation and subsequent excessive alcohol use (Smit et al., ). This is why we focused on positive AE among adolescents.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is why we focused on positive AE among adolescents. Learning about the reinforcing effects of alcohol strongly depends on one's own experiences with alcohol (Campbell and Oei, ; Smit et al., ). However, as most adolescents before the age of 13 years have not yet initiated alcohol use (Van Dorsselaer et al., ), the uptake of these AE depends mostly on the social environment of the youngsters.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Smit

Otten

Kleinjan

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: Alcohol expectancies (AE), that is, the anticipated effects of alcohol, start developing early in childhood and are important predictors of alcohol use years later. Whereas previous research has demonstrated that parental drinking relates to children's AE, this study aims to test whether exposure to parental alcohol use mediates the link between parental alcohol use and positive and negative AE among children (6 to 8 years) and early adolescents (12 to 15 years).Methods: Longitudinal multi-informant family studies were conducted in the Netherlands among children (Study 1 (2015 to 2017): N = 329; 48.9% boys; M age = 4.6) and adolescents (Study 2 [2015(Study 2 [ to 2018: N = 755; 45.6% boys; M age = 11.3). Fathers' and mothers' alcohol use in terms of quantity and exposure (i.e., the frequency of alcohol use in 9 family-specific situations), and offspring's AE were collected using online questionnaires.Results: Structural equation modeling conducted in the full sample and separately by gender revealed the following: For children, no associations were found in the full sample. However, genderspecific results indicated that fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) favorable AE. Among adolescents, fathers' exposure was associated with (and mediated) social and coping AE (both boys and girls) and enhancement AE (only boys). Contrastingly, neither mothers' alcohol use nor its exposure was associated with any AE. Although different associations were found by offspring's gender, strong evidence for gender differences was lacking.Conclusions: This study indicates that, for specific expectancies, exposure to fathers' alcohol use shapes offspring's cognitions about the effects of alcohol, rather than fathers' alcohol use in general. Prevention efforts could focus on lowering the degree to which fathers expose their drinking, which might be more easily changeable than drinking in general.

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Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Smit

Otten

Kleinjan

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, the importance of neurobiological versus psychometric and behavioural risk factors may be different before and after alcohol use initiation, and therefore in adolescents versus young adults. For example, alcohol expectancies change over time and specifically after initiation (23,24). Examining a wide range of possible predictors in young adults will help to identify risk factors that could contribute to intervention efforts specifically targeting this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting future drinking among young adults: using ensemble machine-learning to combine MRI with psychometrics and behaviour

Groefsema

Luijten

Engels

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background While most research into predictors of problematic alcohol use has focused on adolescence, young adults are also at elevated risk, and differ from adolescents and adults in terms of exposure to alcohol and neurodevelopment. Here we examined predictors of alcohol use among young adults at a 1-year follow-up using a broad predictive modelling approach. Methods Data in four modalities were included from 128 men aged between 18 and 25 years; functional MRI regions-ofinterest from 1) a beer-incentive delay task, and 2) a social alcohol cue-exposure task, 3) grey matter data, and 4) non-neuroimaging data (i.e. psychometric and behavioural). These modalities were combined into an ensemble model to predict follow-up Alcohol Use Disorder Identification (AUDIT) scores, and were tested separately for their contribution. To reveal specificity for the prediction of future AUDIT scores, the same analyses were carried out for current AUDIT score. Results The ensemble resulted in a more accurate estimation of follow-up AUDIT score than any single modality. Only removal of the social alcohol cue-exposure task and of the non-neuroimaging data significantly worsened predictions. Reporting to need a drink in the morning to start the day was the strongest unique predictor of future drinking along with anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellar activity. Conclusions Alcohol-related task fMRI activity is a valuable predictor for future drinking among young adults alongside non-neuroimaging variables. Multi-modal prediction models best predict future drinking among young adults and may play an important part in the move towards individualized treatment and prevention efforts.

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Association of Screening and Brief Intervention With Substance Use in Massachusetts Middle and High Schools

et al. 2022

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ImportanceScreening and brief intervention (SBI) programs in schools have the potential to provide substance use prevention messages to large numbers of adolescents. This study evaluated the association between exposure to a school-based SBI program and reductions in substance use among youths after enactment of a law that required Massachusetts schools to provide SBI to all students.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between exposure to a school-based SBI program and changes in substance use among youths.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this mixed-method quality improvement study using an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design, stakeholder interviews were conducted to describe the operations, timing, and impressions of SBI implementation at 14 intervention schools in Massachusetts. Repeated cross-sectional surveys of youths in intervention and comparison groups were administered between December 19, 2017, and May 22, 2019, to assess substance use and associated measures of perceived risk, knowledge, and adult support before and approximately 3 months after SBI implementation among exposed groups. A difference-in-differences framework was used to estimate substance use outcomes associated with SBI exposure among students in middle school (grades 7 and 8) and high school (grades 9 and 10) using adjusted overlap-weighted generalized models to account for covariate imbalance between exposed and unexposed school grades. In addition, 14 school staff members were interviewed about implementation.ExposuresExposure vs nonexposure to a school-based SBI program.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFrequency of alcohol, cannabis, and e-cigarette use (measured in days) and any binge drinking in the past 3 months.ResultsBetween December 2017 and May 2019, 8771 survey responses were collected from 4587 students in grades 7 through 10 who were attending one of 23 participating school districts. The median (IQR) age was 13 (13-14) years (range, 12-17 years); 2226 students self-identified as female (48.5%), 2206 (48.1%) as male, and 155 (3.4%) as transgender or preferred not to answer. Overall, 163 students (3.6%) identified their race as Asian, 146 (3.2%) as Black or African American, 2952 (64.4%) as White, and 910 (19.8%) as mixed or other race (including American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander); 416 students (9.1%) preferred not to answer or were missing data on race. A total of 625 students (13.6%) identified their ethnicity as Hispanic and 3962 (86.4%) as non-Hispanic. Cannabis use increased over time in both the SBI group (middle school: marginal estimated probability, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.21-2.51] at baseline vs 2.01 [95% CI, 0.60-6.70] at follow-up; high school: marginal estimated probability, 2.86 [95% CI, 0.56-14.56] at baseline vs 3.10 [95% CI, 0.57-16.96] at follow-up) and the control group (middle school: marginal estimated probability, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.05-1.03] at baseline vs 3.38 [95% CI, 0.81-14.18] at follow-up; high school: marginal estimated probability, 1.30 [95% CI, 0.27-6.29] at baseline vs 1.72 [95% CI, 0.34-8.66] at follow-up). e-cigarette use also increased over time in both the SBI group (middle school: marginal estimated probability, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.22-3.01] at baseline vs 1.94 [95% CI, 0.53-7.02] at follow-up; high school: marginal estimated probability, 3.82 [95% CI, 0.72-20.42] at baseline vs 3.51 [95% CI, 0.55-22.59] at follow-up) and the control group (middle school: marginal estimated probability, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.12-2.30] at baseline vs 3.40 [95% CI, 0.72-16.08] at follow-up; high school: marginal estimated probability, 2.29 [95% CI, 0.41-12.65] at baseline vs 3.53 [95% CI, 0.62-20.16] at follow-up). Exposure to SBI was associated with a significantly smaller increase in the rate of cannabis use among middle school students (adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.86) and significantly smaller increases in the rates of cannabis and e-cigarette use among all female students (cannabis use: aRR, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.03-0.96]; e-cigarette use: aRR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.03-0.82]) compared with nonexposure. No other significant differences were observed among students in grades 7 and 8, and no differences were found in any comparison between groups in grades 9 and 10.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, exposure to a school-based SBI program was associated with a significantly smaller increase in the rate of cannabis use among middle school students and significantly smaller increases in the rates of cannabis and e-cigarette use among all female students. These findings suggest that implementation of SBI programs in schools may help to reduce substance use among middle school and female students, and further study of these programs is warranted.

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Development of alcohol expectancies and early alcohol use in children and adolescents: A systematic review

Cited by 83 publications

References 83 publications

Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies

Predicting future drinking among young adults: using ensemble machine-learning to combine MRI with psychometrics and behaviour

Association of Screening and Brief Intervention With Substance Use in Massachusetts Middle and High Schools

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