Development of active barrier systems for poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Mahajan, Kamal; Lofgren, E. A.; Jabarin, S. A.

doi:10.1002/app.38930

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The PET and PET/LA system were analyzed for the presence of LA and reaction between PET and LA using solvent H‐NMR. Prior to analysis, the sample was dissolved using chloroform‐D/trifluoroacetic acid‐D in a volume ratio (70/30) . The NMR was conducted at 25 °C using a Bucker Avance 600 NMR instrument where a scan from 0 to 12 ppm was recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a low‐cost semicrystalline thermoplastic polyester, is commonly used for packaging and bottles . A primary market for PET packaging is plastic bottles for carbonated soft drinks, water, and juice; however, there is a need to improve mechanical, thermal, physical, and barrier properties of PET . The shelf‐life of packaged food can be extended by reducing the amount of oxygen that is permeating through the package sidewall while maintaining clarity and mechanical strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active barrier systems introduce a compound that can react with the oxygen to reduce the concentration of mobile oxygen in the polymer. There are a number of examples in the literature and commercial use of active scavengers, including polybutadiene (PB) with a metal catalyst and nylon‐MXD6 system . The oxidation follows a free radical mechanism that proceeds in three stages: (1) initiation, (2) propagation, and (3) termination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using linoleic acid for oxygen barrier improvement: Impact of processing methods

Miranda

Jabarin

Coleman

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is commonly used in the packaging industry; however, there is considerable interest in reducing the rate of oxygen permeation through PET to extend product shelf life. One method being employed to improve oxygen barrier is the introduction of reactive compounds to bind the oxygen permeating through the polymer. This work investigates a naturally occurring oxygen scavenger, linoleic acid (LA), which was incorporated within blown PET bottles using two different processing schemes. The LA was incorporated within PET at 0.5% by weight using both by blending and reaction of carboxyl end of LA and hydroxyl end of PET. The effect of LA on the thermal, mechanical properties, and oxygen permeation were determined. There was a decrease in oxygen permeability for the PET/LA samples with little change in physical properties relative to base PET. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45023.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using linoleic acid for oxygen barrier improvement: Impact of processing methods

Miranda

Jabarin

Coleman

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…For this reason, PET bottles are made with passive barrier layers, or bottles can be manufactured from polymers with a lower oxygen permeability such as poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) . An alternative is the use of additives that actively scavenge oxygen in blends with PET or in separate layers . For oxygen scavengers that reduce oxygen permeability, the term ‘active barrier’ material is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐time Performance of Bottles Made of PET Blended with Various Concentrations of Oxygen Scavenger Additive Stored at Different Temperatures

Sängerlaub

Müller

2017

Packag Technol Sci

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Blending of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with oxygen scavenger additives is a way to reduce ingress of oxygen into PET bottles made of these blends. The objective is to reduce oxidation of packaged beverages and oils. However, few studies were performed about the long-time influence of temperature on PET bottles with oxygen scavenger additives. Such knowledge is relevant for the development of accelerated tests. In this study, the influence of temperature on oxygen permeation of PET bottles with the oxygen scavenger additives MXD6 or Oxyclear® was examined. PET bottles made of blends of PET with 2, 5 and 8 wt.À% MXD6, respectively, or with 2 wt.À% Oxyclear® were filled with deoxygenated water. The bottles were stored at 5, 23, 38 and 55°C up to 5 years. Oxygen partial pressure of the water in the bottles was measured regularly. As expected, oxygen partial pressure increased earlier at higher temperature because of faster exhaustion of the oxygen scavenger. Oxygen partial pressure of water in PET bottles with 8 wt.À% MXD6 was below 10 mbar even after 5 years storage time at 5 and 23°C. Oxygen absorption capacity of activated MXD6 was at least 76 mg/g. This study shows that PET bottles with oxygen scavengers are able to reduce the oxygen ingress for several years, even at elevated temperatures.

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“…The need for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with improved oxygen barrier properties has been previously discussed . Technologies for improving barrier performance include coatings, blends of barrier materials with existing polymers, nanocomposite materials, and new active barrier polymers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for development of new active barrier PET copolymers

Mahajan

Lofgren

Jabarin

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Active barrier developments for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are among important approaches being used to achieve improvements in the polyester's barrier properties. This work utilized two active barrier materials and their PET copolymers, synthesized by melt polymerization of terephthalic acid (TPA) with ethylene glycol (EG) and active oxygen scavengers: monoolein (MO) or 3-cyclohexene-1,1-dimethanol (CHEDM), in separate compositions. The oxidizable monomers and their copolymers were characterized with respect to changes resulting from their reactions with oxygen. Evaluations of their infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra established that the monomers as well as their PET copolymers underwent first order reactions and had rate constants ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 day 21 . The only volatile oxidation product of MO was acetaldehyde and no volatile products resulted from oxidation of CHEDM. In comparison to unmodified PET, the PET/MO and PET/CHEDM copolymers achieved respective oxygen barrier property improvements of about 30 and 40%. Results from this study have shown that the oxidation kinetics of pure monomers of this type may be used for evaluation of their effectiveness and suitability as active barrier materials, without the need to synthesize their corresponding PET copolymers. This is significant and work is continuing to include other moieties that will interact with higher levels of oxygen and react at faster rates.

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Development of active barrier systems for poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using linoleic acid for oxygen barrier improvement: Impact of processing methods

Modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using linoleic acid for oxygen barrier improvement: Impact of processing methods

Long‐time Performance of Bottles Made of PET Blended with Various Concentrations of Oxygen Scavenger Additive Stored at Different Temperatures

Methodology for development of new active barrier PET copolymers

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