Development of acquired immunity to Salmonella

Mastroeni, Pietro; Ménager, Nathalie

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.05173-0

Cited by 101 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Following invasion, it is hypothesized that Salmonella spp. are taken up by the macrophages and dendritic cells and subsequently transported via the lymphatic system to the spleen and the liver (Mastroeni & Menager, 2003;Chappell et al, 2009). We observed that the overcrowding stress decreased the intensity of macrophage phagocytosis in the chickens of Group POv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Indeed, Salmonella migration could happen both to the spleen and liver following invasion since Salmonella is assumed to be taken up by macrophages and transported via the lymphatic system to the spleen and liver (Mastroeni & Menager, 2003;Chappell et al, 2009). However, there is no firm experimental evidence to define the main target organ of Salmonella invasion (Mastroeni & Menager, 2003;Chappell et al, 2009). It seems feasible to suggest that bacterial invasion is not controlled by the innate immune system and that Salmonella is able to reach and replicate within several organs (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, overcrowding stress increased the Salmonella Enteritidis invasion to the liver but not to the spleen of the stressed chickens. Indeed, Salmonella migration could happen both to the spleen and liver following invasion since Salmonella is assumed to be taken up by macrophages and transported via the lymphatic system to the spleen and liver (Mastroeni & Menager, 2003;Chappell et al, 2009). However, there is no firm experimental evidence to define the main target organ of Salmonella invasion (Mastroeni & Menager, 2003;Chappell et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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Overcrowding stress is a reality in the poultry industry. Chickens exposed to long-term stressful situations present a reduction of welfare and immunosuppression. We designed this experiment to analyse the effects from overcrowding stress of 16 birds/m 2 on performance parameters, serum corticosterone levels, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, plasma IgA and IgG levels, intestinal integrity, macrophage activity and experimental Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased performance parameters, induced enteritis and decreased macrophage activity and the relative bursa weight in broiler chickens. When the chickens were similarly stressed and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, there was an increase in feed conversion and a decrease in plasma IgG levels in the stressed and Salmonella-infected birds. We observed moderate enteritis throughout the duodenum of chickens stressed and infected with Salmonella. The overcrowding stress decreased the macrophage phagocytosis intensity and increased Salmonella Enteritidis counts in the livers of birds challenged with the pathogenic bacterium. Overcrowding stress via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is associated with an increase in corticosterone and enteritis might influence the quality of the intestinal immune barrier and the integrity of the small intestine. This effect allowed pathogenic bacteria to migrate through the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammatory infiltration and decreased nutrient absorption. The data strengthen the hypothesis that control of the welfare of chickens and avoidance of stress from overcrowding in poultry production are relevant factors for the maintenance of intestinal integrity, performance and decreased susceptibility to Salmonella infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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“…74 and our unpublished observations) and are cleared by immunocompetent hosts, whereas virulent Salmonella rapidly overwhelm host defenses. The growth advantage of virulent bacteria is eliminated by prior immunization, as immune host T and B cell functions provide protection (75,76). Interestingly, memory T cells express CCR6, the only known receptor for CCL20, a chemokine secreted by intestinal epithelial cells after stimulation by flagellin (77).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FliC-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses Are Restricted by Bacterial Regulation of Antigen Expression

Cummings¹,

Barrett²,

Wilkerson³

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

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Salmonella typhimurium, a facultatively intracellular pathogen, regulates expression of virulence factors in response to distinct environments encountered during the course of infection. We tested the hypothesis that the transition from extra- to intracellular environments during Salmonella infection triggers changes in Ag expression that impose both temporal and spatial limitations on the host T cell response. CD4+ T cells recovered from Salmonella immune mice were propagated in vitro using Ag derived from bacteria grown in conditions designed to emulate extra- or intracellular environments in vivo. Extracellular phase bacteria supported a dominant T cell response to the flagellar subunit protein FliC, whereas intracellular phase bacteria were unable to support expansion of FliC-specific T cells from populations known to contain T cells with reactivity to this Ag. This result was attributed to bacterial regulation of FliC expression: transcription and protein levels were repressed in bacteria growing in the spleens of infected mice. Furthermore, Salmonella-infected splenocytes taken directly ex vivo stimulated FliC-specific T cell clones only when intracellular FliC expression was artificially up-regulated. Although it has been suggested that a microanatomical separation of immune T cells and infected APC exists in vivo, we demonstrate that intracellular Salmonella can repress FliC expression below the T cell activation threshold. This potentially provides a mechanism for intracellular Salmonella at systemic sites to avoid detection by Ag-specific T cells primed at intestinal sites early in infection.

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“…Both these vaccines are well tolerated but are only moderately protective (Ivanoff et al 1994;Keitel et al 1994;Merican 1997;Levine et al 1999;Allam et al 2011). The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of S. Typhi and limited scope of available vaccine (Mastroeni & Menager 2003) against Salmonella infection has added a sense of urgency to evaluate the efficacy of different immunogens to develop more effective typhoid vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against experimental salmonellosis by recombinant 49 kDa OMP of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: biochemical aspects

Kaur

Jain

2013

Biologia

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Typhoid fever is systemic illness caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) in humans. Increasing multidrug resistant strains of S. Typhi and limited effect of available vaccines has necessitated exploring of new immunogens for protection against it. Earlier studies have shown that a crude preparation of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of S. Typhi evokes strong immune response and induces a protective immunity against infection caused by diverse Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study we have evaluated the protective effect of a purified recombinant 49 kDa (r49kDa) OMP of S. Typhi alone or along with alum or complete Freund's adjuvant, against a challenge by S. Typhi (0.4 × 50% lethal dose) by biochemical estimation of serum enzymes and oxidative stress enzymes in Swiss albino mice. There was a decrease in activity of alanine aminotransferase by 14.28%, 38.09%, 23.80%; aspartate aminotransferase by 6.25%, 25%, 16.25%; lipid peroxidation by 4.34%, 18.84%, 11.59%; and catalase by 8%, 14%, 10%, respectively, whereas increase in activity of reduced glutathione by 33.33%, 61.11%, 44.44%; glutathione peroxidase by 7%, 16%, 10%; and glutathione reductase by 8%, 20%, 12%, respectively, as compared to control animals challenged with bacteria without pre-immunization. The results indicated that immunization of mice with r49kDa OMP alone or in combination with adjuvants protected and normalized the liver. It reduces the development of oxidative stress in mice against Salmonella infection and the risk of getting typhoid. These results represent an additional supplement to our earlier reported data on protective immunity evoked by this protein.

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Development of acquired immunity to Salmonella

Cited by 101 publications

References 103 publications

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

FliC-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses Are Restricted by Bacterial Regulation of Antigen Expression

Protection against experimental salmonellosis by recombinant 49 kDa OMP of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: biochemical aspects

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