Development of abdominal fat and incipient metabolic syndrome in young healthy men exposed to long-term stress

Branth, Stefan; Ronquist, Gunnar; Stridsberg, Mats; Hambræus, Leif; Kindgren, Erik; Olsson, Roger; Carlander, David; Arnetz, Bengt B.

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2006.03.001

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In humans, a recent study of young healthy men exposed to long-term stress revealed that longterm stress results in increased abdominal obesity and early signs of metabolic syndrome suggesting that stress plays an important role in the genesis of metabolic abnormalities [55]. In that study, subjects lost both fat and lean body mass during the first stressful episode and subsequently regained body weight as fat resulting in an overall decrease in protein mass.…”

Section: Stress-induced Body Weight and Body Composition Changesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Tamashiro

Hegeman

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

100

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Social stress is prevalent in many facets of modern society. Epidemiological data suggest that stress is linked to the development of overweight, obesity and metabolic disease. Although there are strong associations between the incidence of obesity with stress and elevated levels of hormones such as cortisol, there are limited animal models to allow investigation of the etiology of increased adiposity resulting from exposure to stress. Perhaps more importantly, an animal model that mirrors the consequences of stress in humans will provide a vehicle to develop rational clinical therapy to treat or prevent adverse outcomes from exposure to chronic social stress. In the visible burrow system (VBS) model of chronic social stress mixed gender colonies are housed for 2 week periods during which male rats of the colony quickly develop a dominance hierarchy. We found that social stress has significant effects on body weight and body composition such that subordinate rats progressively develop characteristics of obesity that occurs, in part, through neuroendocrine alterations and changes in food intake amount. Although SUB are hyperphagic following social stress they do not increase their intake of sucrose solution as CON and DOM do suggesting that they are anhedonic. Consumption of a high fat diet does not appear to affect development of a social hierarchy and appears to enhance the effect that chronic stress has on body composition. The visible burrow system (VBS) model of social stress may be a potential laboratory model for studying stress-associated metabolic disease, including the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Stress-induced Body Weight and Body Composition Changesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Tamashiro

Hegeman

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

100

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“…There is growing evidence that both stress and glucocorticoids contribute to the etiology of cardiovascular disease; however, the role of glucocorticoids in the stress response has long been a matter of debate (1,3,5,13,15,28,30,31,35,36,38,39,42,48,49,52,58,61,65,67,68,70,71). Recent research has led to the general hypothesis that stress-induced increases in glucocorticoids act in the brain to prepare the organism for future events (12,52).…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EXAGGERATED CARDIOVASCULAR responses to acute stress and chronic stress increase the risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (1,3,13,15,31,38,42,58,68). Acute stress rapidly increases blood pressure, heart rate, plasma glucocorticoid concentration, and blood glucose levels (8), while chronic or repeated stress is associated with increases in baseline blood pressure and glucocorticoids (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic blockade of hindbrain glucocorticoid receptors reduces blood pressure responses to novel stress and attenuates adaptation to repeated stress

Bechtold

Patel²,

Hochhaus³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Exogenous glucocorticoids act within the hindbrain to enhance the arterial pressure response to acute novel stress. Here we tested the hypothesis that endogenous glucocorticoids act at hindbrain glucocorticoid receptors (GR) to augment cardiovascular responses to restraint stress in a model of stress hyperreactivity, the borderline hypertensive rat (BHR). A 3-to 4-mg pellet of the GR antagonist mifepristone (Mif) was implanted over the dorsal hindbrain (DHB) in WistarKyoto (WKY) and BHRs. Control pellets consisted of either sham DHB or subcutaneous Mif pellets. Rats were either subjected to repeated restraint stress (chronic stress) or only handled (acute stress) for 3-4 wk, then all rats were stressed on the final day of the experiment. BHR showed limited adaptation of the arterial pressure response to restraint, and DHB Mif significantly (P Յ 0.05) attenuated the arterial pressure response to restraint in both acutely and chronically stressed BHR. In contrast, WKY exhibited a substantial adaptation of the pressure response to repeated restraint that was significantly reversed by DHB Mif. DHB Mif and chronic stress each significantly increased baseline plasma corticosterone concentration and adrenal weight and reduced the corticosterone response to stress in all rats. We conclude that endogenous corticosterone acts via hindbrain GR to enhance the arterial pressure response to stress in BHR, but to promote the adaptation of the arterial pressure response to stress in normotensive rats. Endogenous corticosterone also acts in the hindbrain to restrain corticosterone at rest but to maintain the corticosterone response to stress in both BHR and WKY rats. corticosterone; brain; nucleus of the solitary tract; hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis; chronic stress EXAGGERATED CARDIOVASCULAR responses to acute stress and chronic stress increase the risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (1,3,13,15,31,38,42,58,68). Acute stress rapidly increases blood pressure, heart rate, plasma glucocorticoid concentration, and blood glucose levels (8), while chronic or repeated stress is associated with increases in baseline blood pressure and glucocorticoids (17). Chronically elevated glucocorticoids increase morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and alterations in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and in glucocorticoid metabolizing enzymes are associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease in humans (28,30,35,36,39,48,49,61, 65,67,70,71). Thus, chronic stress-induced elevations in glucocorticoids likely contribute to the adverse effects of stress on cardiovascular health.The mechanisms by which glucocorticoids modulate cardiovascular stress responses are not fully understood. A review by Sapolsky et al. (52) concluded that glucocorticoids act permissively to enhance the arterial pressure response to many physical stressors, in part by supporting the peripheral effects of catecholamines. Other studies indicate that chronic, systemic elevations in glucocorticoids enhance cardiovascular and catecholamine re...

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“…10 The detrimental effect of stress on health has been established, as have the stress implications of poor health. [11][12][13][14][15] Therefore, fatigue is an integral part of the intertwined stress-health relationship. However, the causal role of fatigue in this relationship is unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Causal Role of Fatigue in the Stress-Perceived Health Relationship: A MetroNet Study

Maghout-Juratli¹,

Janisse²,

Schwartz³

et al. 2010

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Background: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 4 primary care MetroNet centers in metropolitan Detroit. Our objective was to describe the causal role of fatigue in the relationship among stress, stress resiliency, and perceived health in primary care. Fatigue is a public health problem that has been linked to stress and poor health. The causal role of fatigue between stress and perceived health is unknown.Methods: Four hundred surveys were distributed to adult patients in 4 primary care centers in metropolitan Detroit between 2006 and 2007. Internal consistency reliabilities and principal factor analyses were calculated for the key psychological scales. Perceived health is the primary outcome. Path models were used to study the relationship among stress, fatigue, and perceived health. We also modeled the impact of select stress resiliency factors including sleep, recovery, and social support.

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Development of abdominal fat and incipient metabolic syndrome in young healthy men exposed to long-term stress

Cited by 56 publications

References 40 publications

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Dynamic body weight and body composition changes in response to subordination stress

Chronic blockade of hindbrain glucocorticoid receptors reduces blood pressure responses to novel stress and attenuates adaptation to repeated stress

The Causal Role of Fatigue in the Stress-Perceived Health Relationship: A MetroNet Study

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