Development of AA6061/316 stainless steel surface composites via friction stir processing: Effect of tool rotational speed

Liu, Shoufa; Paidar, Moslem; Mehrez, Sadok; Ojo, Olatunji Oladimeji; Mahariq, İbrahim; Elbadawy, Ibrahim

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112215

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Mishra and Ma [15] believed that due to the amount of heat generated via the rotating stir action of the FSW tool only 80% of the heat below the melting point of the base material would occur which leads to the redistribution and refinement of RPs, recrystallization and the grain growth in the NZ [15,42,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140]. Whereas, Dragatogiannis et al [110] reported that the microstructure of the metal-matrix reinforced FSW joints reveals that the RPs are either distributed homogenously or clustered in a matrix.…”

Section: Rps Distribution In Mmr Butt Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles reinforced joints produced using friction stir welding: a review

Singh¹

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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Fusion welding processes do not find attention due to their restriction to use for certain grades of materials and alloys. Friction Stir welding (FSW) or the solid-state joining process has proven to be a more efficient process for the welding of metal-matrix reinforced composite butt joints by employing various combinations of reinforcement particles and base matrices compared to the fusion welding process. Due to the solid-state nature of the FSW process, no melting of base material would occur which leads to no toxic fumes, low energy consumption, environmentally friendly, and ease of operation that makes FSW a more versatile welding process for aerospace, automobile, and transportation industries. However, the challenges in joining metal matrix reinforced composites remain even with a substantial advancement in the process made during current years. This review article outlines a brief overview of the state of art of metal matrix reinforced welds joined using FSW. More emphasis with critical evaluation has been done on the (a) macrostructural and microstructural characteristics of a metal matrix reinforced welds which merely depend on the plasticized material flow and reinforcement particles behavior and its difficulty for uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the weld zone based on the combination of reinforcement particles and the metal matrix materials, (b) assessment of mechanical properties of the metal matrix reinforced welds those are directly interdependent on the selection of process parameters by which the grain refinement and their reinforcement particles distribution depend that leads to changes in such properties, and (c) fracture and wear properties of the metal matrix reinforced welds which again depends on the reinforcement particles and the metal matrix materials combination. The conclusions of this review are ended up with recommendations for the directions for future research.

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Section: Rps Distribution In Mmr Butt Jointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles reinforced joints produced using friction stir welding: a review

Singh¹

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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“…Many studies in the literature discussed the effect of various reinforcements over the base matrix of different Al alloy matrices. 41,42,43,44 They have highlighted the significance of FSP in improving the mechanical, rheological, and tribological behaviors of the prepared hybrid surface composites. Results of those studies have provided sufficient information on the utilization of V TRS , V TS , NoP, and RV as processing variables, which have the maximum impact on prepared surface composite.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight on optimization of FSP process parameters for the preparation of AA5083/(SiC-Gr) hybrid surface composites using the response surface methodology

D Ghetiya,

Bharti,

Patel

et al. 2023

Composites and Advanced Materials

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Aluminum alloys are known for their extensive use in aerospace, automobile, marine, etc., industries due to their excellent inherent properties. Recent studies have developed different methods to modify the surface properties of aluminum by producing surface composites, such as the friction stir processing (FSP) method. The current study made an effort to develop a new hybrid surface composite of AA5083/(SiC-Gr) using the FSP method. For FSP process optimization, the response surface methodology (RSM) has been used. For creating the mathematical model using RSM, various input process parameters of the FSP are selected to predict the output characteristics of the prepared hybrid composite. A Box–Behnken design was used for the process with four factors, each factor was used with three levels, and the RSM was utilized to form a regression model to predict the responses. The ANOVA analysis suggests that NoP (number of passes): 3 and RV (reinforcement volume): 75:25 (SiC: Gr) ratio are the significant parameters of the study with a p-value less than .05. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a new hybrid surface composite of AA5083/(SiC-Gr) using the friction stir processing (FSP) method, with optimization achieved through the response surface methodology (RSM) and multi-objective selection criteria, resulting in predicted outcomes within a range of ±10% of the experimental observations.

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“…It is well known in the literature that a rise in the tool RPM will raise the plastic flow, and will increase the viscoplastic heat generation and the total heat input during the FSW. However, the effect of rotational speed is greater than that of the traverse speed [64][65][66].…”

Section: Surface Appearance and Macrostructurementioning

confidence: 96%

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2023

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The friction stir welding (FSW) process was recently developed to overcome the difficulty of welding non-ferrous alloys and steels. In this study, dissimilar butt joints between 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and AISI 316 stainless steel were welded by FSW using different processing parameters. The grain structure and precipitates at the different welded zones of the various joints were intensively characterized by the electron backscattering diffraction technique (EBSD). Subsequently, the FSWed joints were tensile tested to examine the mechanical strength compared with that of the base metals. The micro-indentation hardness measurements were conducted to reveal the mechanical responses of the different zones in the joint. The EBSD results of the microstructural evolution showed that a significant continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) occurred in the stir zone (SZ) of the Al side, which was mainly composed of the weak metal, Al, and fragmentations of the steel. However, the steel underwent severe deformation and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). The FSW rotation speed increased the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) from 126 MPa at a rotation speed of 300 RPM to 162 MPa at a rotation speed of 500 RPM. The tensile failure occurred at the SZ on the Al side for all specimens. The impact of the microstructure change in the FSW zones was significantly pronounced in the micro-indentation hardness measurements. This was presumably attributed to the promotion of various strengthening mechanisms, such as grain refinement due to DRX (CDRX or DDRX), the appearance of intermetallic compounds, and strain hardening. The aluminum side underwent recrystallization as a result of the heat input in the SZ, but the stainless steel side did not experience recrystallization due to inadequate heat input, resulting in grain deformation instead.

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Development of AA6061/316 stainless steel surface composites via friction stir processing: Effect of tool rotational speed

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Nanoparticles reinforced joints produced using friction stir welding: a review

Nanoparticles reinforced joints produced using friction stir welding: a review

An insight on optimization of FSP process parameters for the preparation of AA5083/(SiC-Gr) hybrid surface composites using the response surface methodology

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

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