As one of the main detectors for monitoring neutron flux
rate in a nuclear reactor, the fission chamber (FC) suffers from
issues such as low sensitivity, limited counting rate dynamic range,
and system mode switching is cumbersome. This study utilizes the
advantages of gas electron multipliers (GEM), which are easy to
fabricate in large areas and have high counting rates, to design a
novel fission chamber. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations on
parameters such as the thickness of the 235U coating, the drift
distance, and the operating electric field strength, a wide-range
fission chamber design that combines high sensitivity and a counting
rate range based on GEM has been obtained. The simulation results
demonstrated that using a GEM detector to build a fission chamber
can significantly improve sensitivity and extend the counting rate
range. Subsequently we built a proof-of-concept GEM-based fission
chamber and tested it with a 55Fe low-energy X-ray source and
an Am-Be neutron source. The results showed that the
proof-of-concept detector had a good signal-to-noise ratio and
energy linearity, as well as clear discrimination between alpha
background and neutron pulse amplitudes.