Development of a Video-Based Tool for the Self-Assessment of Eating Rates in Young Adult Females

Abstract

Eating speed assessments are often based on self-reports, and establishing objective "ratings" is required to improve accuracy. However, no relevant simple assessment tool incorporating "ratings" is currently available. This study aimed to develop a groupadaptable eating rate assessment tool for young females using smartphones. Fifty female college students were directly observed while eating, and a self-assessment tool for the eating rate was created using video. Using the directly observed eating rate of a test food A as the gold standard (GS), we compared the eating rate self-assessment findings between those obtained using a conventional questionnaire and those obtained using an assessment tool. The validity and reproducibility of the assessment tool were verified. In terms of validity, the correlation coefficient for the GS questionnaire (r50.442, p,0.001) was similar to that for the self-assessment tool (r50.491, p,0.001). The reproducibility of repeated measurements of the self-assessment tool was inferior to that of the questionnaire (weighted kappa coefficients; 0.393 vs. 0.804). This may be explained in part by participants selecting the same items with specific words such as "fast" or "slow" on two occasions. As for the validity of test food A, additional measurements for test food C on a subset of subjects (n516) showed a strong positive correlation (r50.845, p,0.001) between A and C. The present study suggests that a video-based self-assessment tool we developed for young adult females is straightforward, and allows the subjects to observe specific and visual ratings in a manner that is less burdensome and time-effective than conventional questionnaire methods.